Investigation of brain networks in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder using a graph theoretical approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Jianqin Cao ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Xiwu Zhao ◽  
Yingli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Graph Theoretical Approach

Epilepsi dan Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) pada Anak

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Riki Sukiandra
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Disturbance ◽  
Inattentive Type ◽  
Child Age

Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy are themost common neurologic disturbance in child age. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more ADHD symptoms,its related to lack of norepinephrine neurotransmitter in brain, that cause attenuate the effect of GABA and disruptionto fronto-striatal brain networks, these same brain networks are disrupted by seizures or the structural brainabnormalities that can cause seizures. Children with epilepsy especially absance, tend to get inattentive type ofADHD more than other types. Abnormalities of electro-encephalography found in inattentive type of ADHD withhigh focus activities in all lobe area. No data published that methylphenidate can lower seizure threshold or act asproconvulsant. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more symptoms of ADHD in the following days.

scholarly journals Desregulación emocional en población con TDAH; una aproximación teórica/Emotional dysregulation in the population with ADHD. A Theoretical Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alejandra Alpizar
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

<p><strong>Español</strong></p><p>El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) constituye un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, cuyos síntomas nucleares constituyen la inatención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad. Esta última puede ser verbal, motora y cognitiva, también emocional. Se expresa por la desregulación emocional y afecta la capacidad de autorregularse emocionalmente e inhibir las emociones. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este documento es realizar una aproximación teórica-descriptiva desde diferentes autores sobre la desregulación emocional presente en la población con TDAH. Es importante la revisión de este concepto, porque la regulación emocional constituye una de las funciones ejecutivas que se afecta en las personas con TDAH al originar un impacto en el funcionamiento personal y social a lo largo de la vida. A partir de la revisión, se concluyó que hay un auge en el estudio y el análisis de este tema en la comunidad científica en las últimas décadas, que validan la importancia del conocimiento y del abordaje de la desregulación emocional en esta población, pues brinda elementos clínicos que facilitan el diagnóstico diferencial y la identificación de comorbilidades que este trastorno podría presentar. Finalmente, la desregulación emocional, junto con la inatención, la hiperactividad y la impulsividad constituyen parte de los síntomas que deben considerarse en el tratamiento multimodal del TDAH.</p><p><strong>English </strong></p><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, whose nuclear symptoms constitute inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, the latter may be verbal, motor and cognitive, but also emotional, expressed by emotional dysregulation, which affects a person’s ability to emotionally self-regulate and inhibit emotions. Therefore, the objective of this document is to take a descriptive theoretical approach from different authors about the emotional dysregulation present in the population with ADHD. It is important to review this concept since emotional regulation is one of the Executive Functions that is affected in people with ADHD, causing an impact on the person and their social functioning throughout life. From this review, we concluded that there has been a boom in the study and analysis of this topic in the scientific community during the last decade. This validates the importance of knowledge about and approach to emotional dysregulation in this population, since it provides clinical elements that facilitate differential diagnoses and the identification of comorbidities that this disorder could present. Finally, emotional dysregulation, along with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, is part of the symptoms that should be considered in the multimodal treatment of ADHD.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Resting-State fMRI to Identify the Brain Correlates of Treatment Response to Medications in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lessons From the CUNMET Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pereira-Sanchez ◽  
Alexandre R. Franco ◽  
Pilar de Castro-Manglano ◽  
Maria A. Fernandez-Seara ◽  
Maria Vallejo-Valdivielso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Brain

Neuroimaging research seeks to identify biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although clinical translation of findings remains distant. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) is increasingly being used to characterize functional connectivity in the brain. Despite mixed results to date and multiple methodological challenges, dominant hypotheses implicate hyperconnectivity across brain networks in patients with ADHD, which could be the target of pharmacological treatments. We describe the experience and results of the Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Spain) Metilfenidato (CUNMET) pilot study. CUNMET tested the feasibility of identifying R-fMRI markers of clinical response in children with ADHD undergoing naturalistical pharmacological treatments. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 56 patients with ADHD (18 treated with methylphenidate, 18 treated with lisdexamfetamine, and 20 treatment-naive patients). Standard preprocessing and statistical analyses with attention to control for head motion and correction for multiple comparisons were performed. The only results that survived correction were noted in contrasts of children who responded clinically to lisdexamfetamine after long-term treatment vs. treatment-naive patients. In these children, we observed stronger negative correlations (anticorrelations) across nodes in six brain networks, which is consistent with higher across-network functional segregation in patients treated with lisdexamfetamine, i.e., less inter-network interference than in treatment-naive patients. We also note the lessons learned, which could help those pursuing clinically relevant multidisciplinary research in ADHD en route to eventual personalized medicine. To advance reproducible open science, our report is accompanied with links providing access to our data and analytic scripts.

scholarly journals Beyond massive univariate tests: Covariance regression reveals complex patterns of functional connectivity related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, age, sex, and response control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Mary Beth Nebel ◽  
Brian S. Caffo ◽  
Stewart H. Mostofsky ◽  
Keri S. Rosch
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Response Control ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Regression Approach

AbstractWe applied a novel Covariate Assisted Principal (CAP) whole-matrix regression approach to identify resting-state functional connectivity (FC) brain networks associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and response control. Participants included 8-12 year-old children with ADHD (n=115, 29 girls) and typically developing controls (n=102, 35 girls) with a resting-state fMRI scan and go/no-go task behavioral data. We modeled three sets of covariates to identify resting-state networks associated with ADHD, age, sex, and response control. Four networks were identified across models revealing complex interactions between subregions of cognitive control, default mode, subcortical, visual, and somatomotor networks that relate to age, response control, and a diagnosis of ADHD among girls and boys. Unique networks were also identified in each of the three models suggesting some specificity to the covariates of interest. These findings demonstrate the utility of our novel covariance regression approach to studying functional brain networks relevant for development, behavior, and psychopathology.

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