Gambaran Kejadian Pneumonia pada Pasien Pasca Kraniotomi di Ruang Rawat Intensif RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau Periode Januari 2015 sampai Desember 2019

Operasi kraniotomi merupakan tindakan membuka sebagian tulang tengkorak hingga dapat memberikan akses langsung menuju otak. Komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi merupakan Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) dan Healthcare Associated Pneumonia (HAP). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran kejadian pneumonia pada pasien pasca kraniotomi di ICU RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau periode Januari 2015 s/d Desember 2019. Data penelitian ini didapatkan dari rekam medik pasien pasca kraniotomi di ruang ICU RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau, dengan total rekam medik yang ditemukan sebanyak 216 rekam medik. Hasil penelitian ini berupa, didapatkan kejadian pneumonia pada 56 pasien (26%), dengan kejadian HAP 3,7% dan VAP 22,7%. Kejadian HAP lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien perempuan (62,5%) dengan kelompok usia 56-65 tahun (50%), serta lama rawatan >5 hari (75%). Kejadian VAP memiliki distribusi yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan (50%) dengan kelompok usia 36-45 tahun (29,2%) dan lama rawatan >5 hari (45,8%), serta lama pemakaian ventilator mekanik <96 jam (66,7%). Kejadian pneumonia paling banyak terjadi pada pasien tanpa komorbid (71,4%) atau memiliki komorbid berupa hipertensi (21,4%) dengan diagnosis meningioma (28,6%), jumlah leukosit >11.000 (76,8%), lama pembedahan ≥2 jam (55,4%), dan patogen penyebab terbanyak berupa Acinetobacter baumanii (30,3%). Angka kematian pada penelitian ini sebesar 7,1%.

Aspek Klinis dan Diagnosis Kandidiasis Vulvovaginal

Candidiasis vulvovaginal is an infection of the vaginal and vulva area caused by yeast Candida. The most causative species is Candida albicans. This fungus is commensal in the vagina but it can become a pathogen, causing the infection under certain conditions. Several conditions can be risk factors for this infection. Women are mostly getting infections, especially of productive age. Complaints experienced cause disturbances in the form of itching accompanied by abnormal vaginal discharge. The clinician can make diagnostics based on anamnesis, clinical and microscopic examination. This paper provides information about the causes, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory testing.

Pemberian Dini Vasopresor pada Syok Sepsis

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and become one of leading causes of death in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The two components of treating sepsis shock are fluid resuscitation and administration of vasopressor. Early administration of vasopressor in conjunction with fluid administration can reduce mortality because it reduces the volume of resuscitation so as to prevent excess fluid in the patient. Recent recommendation from Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) suggest fluid resuscitation and medication within the first 1 hour including vasopressor administration in concomitant life-threatening cases of hyptension or immediately after fluid resuscitation to maintain MAP level ≥ 65mmHg. Holistic treatment will reduce the mortality of patient with sepsis shock in the ICU

Talaromikosis Marneffei

Talaromycosis marneffei is a mycotic disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei which primarily infectimmunocompromised patient. This disease is endemic in Southeast Asia, and Indonesia consider as endemic area dueto a case of tourist who got the infection after visiting Indonesia. Diagnosis was made based on clinical suspicion withlaboratory confirmation. Clinical manifestations are not specific, such as fever, anemia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy,hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory disorder, and cutaneous manifestation. Histopathology and culture are themost common examination performed for diagnosis. In histopathology examination, fungi appear as fission arthroconidiacells which shape round to oval, with cross wall formation inside or outside macrophage and histiocyte. Thermaldimorphism characteristic can be observed in fungal culture. Fungi grows as mold at 25oC-30oC and as yeast at 37oC.Definitive identification of T. marneffei was done by molecular examination using primers derived from ITS region asprimary marker and beta tubulin region as secondary marker. Talaromyces marneffei is sapronosis, that transmitted viainhalation of conidia from environment.

Efektivitas Minuman Kacang Hijau terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Remaja Putri di Panti Asuhan di Kota Pekanbaru

The complete mung bean’s phytochemicals composition help the hematopoiesis process increasing hemoglobin levels.Hemoglobin level is important as anemia sign. Anemia in adolescent girls might affect reproductive health. The aim ofthis study was to determine the effectiveness of mung beans compote to increase hemoglobin levels for adolescentgirls at the Pekanbaru City Orphanage. This study was quasi-experimental study with one group pre test-post testdesign method. This study included 28 adolescent girls who had experienced menses and were not under any othermedications. We used purposive sampling method to chose the subject. Hemoglobin levels were assessed pre andpost oral administration of a cup mung bean compote 2 times a day for a week, each volume of 250 ml. The results wereanalyzed by paired t-test. We found that the average hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls are 13.13 g% and 13.14 g%respectively for pre and post treatment. Statistically, there was unsignificant effect of mung beans compote in increasinghemoglobin level (p = 0.97.