Field measurements of infiltration rate in high rise residential buildings using the constant concentration method

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goopyo Hong ◽  
Byungseon Sean Kim
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Concentration Method

scholarly journals Parametric analysis of energy recovery ventilation performance in the high rise residential sector: a Toronto case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Barker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Leakage Flows ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
The Impact

The performance of energy recovery ventilation (ERV) units is analyzed for high rise residential buildings in the Toronto climate. ERV units are scrutinized by their ability to recover heating and cooling energy throughout the year. The rated effectiveness of ERV units is well documented through applicable Standards. Several factors are identified which have the potential to influence the impact of ERVs under actual operation conditions, including infiltration rate, ERV leakage flows, temperature set points, and operation schemes. EnergyPlus is used to represent a typical residential suite, through which the impacts of the parameters are studied. Performance of the ERV model is validated through comparison to collected temperature and humidity data from an operating ERV unit in the GTA. Results indicate that leakage flows within the ERV represent the highest potential contributor to ERV performance. Economizer control strategies are determined as a viable option for improving performance during warmer seasons. The performance of energy recovery ventilation (ERV) units is analyzed for high rise residential buildings in the Toronto climate. ERV units are scrutinized by their ability to recover heating and cooling energy throughout the year. The rated effectiveness of ERV units is well documented through applicable Standards. Several factors are identified which have the potential to influence the impact of ERVs under actual operation conditions, including infiltration rate, ERV leakage flows, temperature set points, and operation schemes. EnergyPlus is used to represent a typical residential suite, through which the impacts of the parameters are studied. Performance of the ERV model is validated through comparison to collected temperature and humidity data from an operating ERV unit in the GTA. Results indicate that leakage flows within the ERV represent the highest potential contributor to ERV performance. Economizer control strategies are determined as a viable option for improving performance during warmer seasons.

The impacts of introducing voids combinations on indoor ventilation performance in high-rise residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Laloui ◽  
Noor Hanita Abdul Majid ◽  
Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Ventilation Performance

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate and evaluate the impacts of the voids combination as a passive design feature on wind-driven ventilation performance in high-rise residential building units. It proposes a series of building models and thereon indoor ventilation performance and outlining why and how these building models designed with architectural design features are important. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy in living units of high-rise residential buildings can be applied through improving the provision of the architectural design feature of voids configurations.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out through field measurements experiment and the computational fluid dynamics methods. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to calculate the indoor ventilation rate inside the case studies of the generated building models based on various variables such as horizontal voids type, size and wind directions.FindingsThe results indicate that the provision of a single-sided horizontal voids in building models can improve the indoor ventilation rate in units with cross ventilation mode up to 4 times, depending on wind direction and living unit location. The indoor ventilation performance in units located in models with single-sided horizontal voids is 17.54% higher than the units located in models without voids configuration. Furthermore, higher indoor ventilation performance was achieved in the case scenarios located at higher levels compared to the middle and lower levels in both horizontal voids types.Originality/valueThis study explores the application of voids combinations for natural ventilation performance, investigates the numerical simulation results and validates field measurements experiment data using CFD simulation.

scholarly journals Parametric analysis of energy recovery ventilation performance in the high rise residential sector: a Toronto case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Barker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Leakage Flows ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
The Impact

The performance of energy recovery ventilation (ERV) units is analyzed for high rise residential buildings in the Toronto climate. ERV units are scrutinized by their ability to recover heating and cooling energy throughout the year. The rated effectiveness of ERV units is well documented through applicable Standards. Several factors are identified which have the potential to influence the impact of ERVs under actual operation conditions, including infiltration rate, ERV leakage flows, temperature set points, and operation schemes. EnergyPlus is used to represent a typical residential suite, through which the impacts of the parameters are studied. Performance of the ERV model is validated through comparison to collected temperature and humidity data from an operating ERV unit in the GTA. Results indicate that leakage flows within the ERV represent the highest potential contributor to ERV performance. Economizer control strategies are determined as a viable option for improving performance during warmer seasons. The performance of energy recovery ventilation (ERV) units is analyzed for high rise residential buildings in the Toronto climate. ERV units are scrutinized by their ability to recover heating and cooling energy throughout the year. The rated effectiveness of ERV units is well documented through applicable Standards. Several factors are identified which have the potential to influence the impact of ERVs under actual operation conditions, including infiltration rate, ERV leakage flows, temperature set points, and operation schemes. EnergyPlus is used to represent a typical residential suite, through which the impacts of the parameters are studied. Performance of the ERV model is validated through comparison to collected temperature and humidity data from an operating ERV unit in the GTA. Results indicate that leakage flows within the ERV represent the highest potential contributor to ERV performance. Economizer control strategies are determined as a viable option for improving performance during warmer seasons.

A study on the stack effect of a super high-rise residential building in a severe cold region in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Man ◽  
Yanyu Lu ◽  
Guolei Li ◽  
Yanling Wang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Stack Effect ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Current Guidance

A recent trend in China has seen super high-rise residential buildings spreading to severe cold regions. These buildings face tough challenges concerning building energy consumption and the thermal environment due to their stack effect. The stack effect is greatly influenced by air infiltration, but current guidance on component airtightness is often neither specific nor consistent for different buildings. This paper presents field measurements and numerical simulations of airtightness performance and stack pressure distribution for a a 106.7-m high-rise residential building in Harbin, Northeast China. An airtightness field test was performed using the fan pressurisation method, and measured values were utilised as the input data for predictions. The numerical analysis was implemented by applying CONTAMW, and the simulation results were compared to measurement data. The results demonstrated that the measured components were all leakier than the current standards allow. The greatest stack pressure difference on the ground floor reached 51.5 Pa, considered a severe stack effect. Furthermore, the influences of the location and airtightness of different staircase doorways on the stack effect were studied and analysed. This research assists in clarifying the significance of building airtightness in cold climates and in reducing the stack effect of high-rise buildings.

Assessing the effect of night ventilation on PCM performance in high-rise residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soudian ◽  
Umberto Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Solidification Rate ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Night Ventilation ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the possibility to enhance the use of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) as an energy retrofit measure by night ventilation strategies. For this scope, phase change materials (PCMs) are integrated into wall and ceiling surfaces of high-rise residential buildings with highly glazed facades that experience high indoor diurnal temperatures. In particular, this article investigates the effect of night ventilation on the performance of the PCMs, namely, the daily discharge of the thermal energy stored by PCMs. Following previous experimental tests that have shown the efficacy of LHTES in temperate climates, a system comprising two PCM layers with melting temperatures selected for a year-around LHTES was considered. To quantify the effectiveness of different night ventilation strategies to enhance the potential of this composite PCM system, simulations in EnergyPlusTM were performed. The ventilation flow rate, set point temperature, and operation period were the main tested parameters. The performance of the PCMs in relation to the variables was evaluated based on indoor operative temperature and cooling energy use variations in Toronto and New York in the summer. The solidification of the PCMs was analyzed based on the amount of night ventilation needed in each climate condition. The results quantify the positive impact of combining PCMs with night ventilation on cooling energy reductions and operative temperature regulation of the following days. In particular, the results indicate higher benefits obtainable with PCMs coupled with night ventilation in the context of Toronto, since this city experiences higher daily temperature fluctuations. The impact of night ventilation design variables on the solidification rate of the PCMs varied based on each parameter leading to different compromises based on the PCM and climate characteristics.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses of Human and Organizational Risks in Fire Safety Systems for High-Rise Residential Buildings with Probabilistic T-H-O-Risk Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Samson Tan ◽  
Darryl Weinert ◽  
Paul Joseph ◽  
Khalid Moinuddin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Risk Methodology ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

Given that existing fire risk models often ignore human and organizational errors (HOEs) ultimately leading to underestimation of risks by as much as 80%, this study employs a technical-human-organizational risk (T-H-O-Risk) methodology to address knowledge gaps in current state-of-the-art probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) for high-rise residential buildings with the following goals: (1) Develop an improved PRA methodology to address concerns that deterministic, fire engineering approaches significantly underestimate safety levels that lead to inaccurate fire safety levels. (2) Enhance existing fire safety verification methods by incorporating probabilistic risk approach and HOEs for (i) a more inclusive view of risk, and (ii) to overcome the deterministic nature of current verification methods. (3) Perform comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses to address uncertainties in numerical estimates used in fault tree/event trees, Bayesian network and system dynamics and their propagation in a probabilistic model. (4) Quantification of human and organizational risks for high-rise residential buildings which contributes towards a policy agenda in the direction of a sustainable, risk-based regulatory regime. This research contributes to the development of the next-generation building codes and risk assessment methodologies.

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