scholarly journals Intraosseous inoculation of tumor cells into bone marrow promotes distant metastatic tumor development: A novel tool for mechanistic and therapeutic studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffry Cutrera ◽  
Blake Johnson ◽  
Lee Ellis ◽  
Shulin Li
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Metastatic Tumor

scholarly journals The relationship of obesity and prostate cancer (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Maxim N. Peshkov ◽  
Galina P. Peshkova ◽  
Igor V. Reshetov
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Cancer Review ◽  
Igf Binding

Obesity is a critical risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa). Adipose tissue plays an important role in tumor development, including growth, invasion, and metastasis. Diet and dietary components affect the progression of prostate cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Extraprostatic prostate tumor cells form a new microenvironment in the periprostatic adipose tissue, which alters these interactions and promotes tumor progression. Hyperinsulinemia leads to an increase in the level of free or biologically active insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) due to a decrease in the production of IGF-binding proteins. Hypoandrogenism promotes the development of a more aggressive type of prostate cancer (higher Gleason scores). Adipokines of adipose tissue and cytokines (for example, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), angiogenic factors (for example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), apelin (AGTRL1) and other factors (for example, leptin and adiponectin) have multiple effects on prostate cancer cells. Tumor cells interact directly or indirectly with adipocytes. Yellow (inactive) bone marrow is adipose tissue with separate islands of reticular tissue. It is located in the medullary canals of the tubular bones and in parts of the cells of the cancellous bone. Bone tissue is the object of the most frequent metastasis in prostate cancer, and with age, the content of fat cells in it increases. Bone marrow adipose tissue interacts with tumor cells, osteoblasts and other stromal cells and participates in the organization of the tumor microenvironment. Adipokines are key molecules in the interaction between tumor cells and adipose tissue, which is carried out through various mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of adipose tissue in the induction and progression of prostate cancer will lead to effective therapeutic strategies for this disease.

Factors regulating the growth of metastatic cancer in bone.

1999 ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
B F Boyce ◽  
T Yoneda ◽  
T A Guise
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Surface Proteins

Metastatic tumor cells can interfere directly with the function of bone cells involved in normal bone remodeling or indirectly by influencing the behavior of hematopoietic, stromal and other cells in bone marrow that interact with bone cells. Recent studies of metastatic cancer have revealed that tumor cells interact closely with vascular endothelial cells, basement membrane and bone marrow stromal cells through cell surface proteins or by releasing factors which affect the function of these cells. Bidirectional interaction between marrow cells and tumor cells can give the latter a selective advantage for growth in bone which can lead to the destruction of or to increased production of bone matrix. Understanding of the mechanisms involved in tumor metastasis and growth in bone has increased in recent years, and in this review we shall describe current knowledge of these mechanisms and of the predilection of certain types of cancers to metastasize to bone, their growth in the bone microenvironment and interactions between them and bone cells. Because metastatic breast cancer has been studied more than any other, we shall focus on it as a representative example, although the general principles apply to other types of cancer and to myeloma.

scholarly journals Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Jozef Ban ◽  
Valerie Fock ◽  
Dave N. T. Aryee ◽  
Heinrich Kovar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients’ quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Investigation of Neoplastic Cells in the Bone Marrow of Female Dogs with Mammary Gland Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Talita B. Corsini ◽  
Paulo H. L. Bertolo ◽  
Júlio E. H. Monteiro ◽  
Gabriela P. Lima ◽  
Letícia Bonato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Disseminated Tumor Cells ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽  
Mammary Gland Tumors ◽  
Development Site

Background The mammary glands are the second most common tumor development site in female dogs. One of the ways of staging such tumors is to evaluate the presence or absence of distant metastasis, including in bone marrow. Such findings in human medicine are associated with poor survival of women with breast tumors. However, in veterinary medicine, this clinical staging is used more for patients with lymphomas and mastocytomas. Studies using bone marrow biopsies as a staging method for mammary tumors are scarce. Objectives The present study was to evaluate mammary lesions and bone marrow in 23 female dogs, searching for disseminated tumor cells or metastatic foci. Results: Grade I carcinoma in mixed tumors was the type most observed (22.4%), and there was no statistical difference in relation to tumor size or presence of metastasis in lymph nodes. In the bone marrow of one female dog with carcinosarcoma (4.35%), there was cytoplasmic marking of a probable disseminated tumor cell of epithelial origin, and immunohistochemical evaluation showed presence of cytokeratin-19 antibodies. None of the female dogs presenting reduced cellularity or medullary fibrosis, confirmed through Masson’s trichrome technique, had cell marking in immunohistochemical analyses. Conclusions Bone marrow evaluation can be used as a staging method for mammary gland tumors in female dogs, since disseminated tumor cells present the potential to become secondary lesions and to disseminate to distant foci, thereby causing tertiary metastases over an indeterminate period of time.

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