Combined approaches to obtain cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibrils and fermentable sugars from elephant grass

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Nascimento ◽  
Camila A. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Elephant Grass

Effective Extraction of Lignin from Elephant Grass Using Imidazole and Its Effect on Enzymatic Saccharification To Produce Fermentable Sugars

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (17) ◽  
pp. 5138-5145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Toscan ◽  
Ana Rita C. Morais ◽  
Susana M. Paixão ◽  
Luís Alves ◽  
Jürgen Andreaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Elephant Grass

scholarly journals Co-Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Fermentable Sugars Assisted by Endoglucanase Treatment of Wood Pulp

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Dai ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
Dawit Beyene ◽  
Christophe Danumah ◽  
Frank Tosto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Amorphous Content

In this study, fermentable sugars and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were co-produced from endoglucanase treatment of wood pulp, followed by acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using two endoglucanases differentiated by the presence or absence of a cellulose-binding domain (CBD). The enzyme with an intact CBD gave the higher glucan conversion (up to 14.1 ± 1.2 wt %) and improved the degree of crystallinity of the recovered wood pulp fiber (up to 83.0 ± 1.0%). Thus, this endoglucanase-assisted treatment successfully removed amorphous content from the original cellulosic feedstock. CNC recovery (16.9 ± 0.7 wt %) from the feedstock going into the acid hydrolysis was improved relative to untreated pulp (13.2 ± 0.6 wt %). The mass loss from enzymatic treatment did not cause a decrease in the CNC yield from the starting material. The characteristics of CNCs obtained through acid hydrolysis (with or without enzyme treatment of pulp) were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry as characterization techniques. The CNCs generated through acid hydrolysis of endoglucanase-treated wood pulp displayed comparable properties relative to those generated using untreated pulp. Thus, endoglucanase treatment can enable co-production of CNCs and sugars for biofuel fermentation.

scholarly journals Enzymatically-Mediated Co-Production of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Fermentable Sugars

Catalysts ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Beyene ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
Christophe Danumah ◽  
Frank Tosto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Fermentable Sugars

Increased release of fermentable sugars from elephant grass by enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of surfactants

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 1252-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Menegol ◽  
Angélica Luisi Scholl ◽  
Roselei Claudete Fontana ◽  
Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon ◽  
Marli Camassola
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Elephant Grass

Farmers’ preference for improved grasses and legume forage species in six mixed farming system districts of southern region of Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Mergia Abera ◽  
Tekleyohannes Berhanu
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved forage crops was conducted in six mixed farming system districts of Southern Ethiopia with the objective to identify farmers preferred forage crops (legumes and grasses). Two annual forage legumes (Vigna unguiculata L. (cow pea) and Lablab purpureus (L.), two perennial legumes (Medicago sativa (L.) (alfalfa) and Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. (green-leaf)), and three perennial grasses (Chloris gayana Knuth (Rhodes grass) and two Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass) accessions (No.16800 and 16798)) were evaluated in the study. The major farmers’ criteria considered in the evaluation of forage species were vegetative growth, herbage yield, tillering, protection of soil erosion, palatability, perfor- mance under dry weather conditions, performance in marginal area under low input management, multipurpose use (conservation and soil fertility) and fast growing condition. The study showed that elephant grass accession No. 16798, 16800 and Chloris gayana adapted well and farmers preferred them for their higher herbage yield, vegetative growth, tillering ability and drought resistance. Even though the annual forage legumes Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata were superior in their forage yield, the farmers preferred the perennial forage legumes (Desmodium intortum and Medicago sativa) mainly for their performance under dry weather condi- tion due to their longer growth period. Therefore, the consideration of farmers’ preference for forage crops is crucial for increased adoption of improved forage crops in the region.

Tuning the Magnetic Alignment of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Perpendicular to Parallel Using Lepidocrocite Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Guccini ◽  
Sugam Kumar ◽  
Yulia Trushkina ◽  
Gergely Nagy ◽  
Christina Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Magnetic Alignment ◽  
Polarized Optical Microscopy ◽  
Parallel Orientation ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields

The magnetic alignment of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and lepidocrocite nanorods (LpN), pristine and in hybrid suspensions has been investigated using contrast-matched small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) under in situ magnetic fields (0 – 6.8 T) and polarized optical microscopy. The pristine CNC (diamagnetic) and pristine LpN (paramagnetic) align perpendicular and parallel to the direction of field, respectively. The alignment of both the nanoparticles in their hybrid suspensions depends on the relative amount of the two components (CNC and LpN) and strength of the applied magnetic field. In the presence of 10 wt% LpN and fields < 1.0 T, the CNC align parallel to the field. In the hybrid containing lower amount of LpN (1 wt%), the ordering of CNC is partially frustrated in all range of magnetic field. At the same time, the LpN shows both perpendicular and parallel orientation, in the presence of CNC. This study highlights that the natural perpendicular ordering of CNC can be switched to parallel by weak magnetic fields and the incorporation of paramagnetic nanoparticle as LpN, as well it gives a method to influence the orientation of LpN.<br>

Applications of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqu Xie ◽  
◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Michael P. Walcott ◽  
Hongfei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals

Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua O. Ighalo ◽  
Lois T. Arowoyele ◽  
Samuel Ogunniyi ◽  
Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽  
Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

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