Depolymerization of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Cucumaria japonica: Structure and activity of the product

Extensive cytological and histological research, correlated with physiological experimental analysis, have been done on the anterior pituitaries of many different vertebrates which have provided the knowledge to create the concept that specific cell types synthesize, store and release their specific hormones. These hormones are stored in or associated with granules. Nevertheless, there are still many doubts - that need further studies, specially on the ultrastructure and physiology of these endocrine cells during the process of synthesis, transport and secretion, whereas some new methods may provide the information about the intracellular structure and activity in detail.In the present work, ultrastructural study of the hormone-secretory cells of chicken pituitaries have been done by using TEM as well as HR-SEM, to correlate the informations obtained from 2-dimensional TEM micrography with the 3-dimensional SEM topographic images, which have a continous surface with larger depth of field that - offers the adventage to interpretate some intracellular structures which were not possible to see using TEM.

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The birth of proteoglycans: the nature of the link between protein and carbohydrate of a chondroitin sulfate complex from hyaline cartilage

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2007c002 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. c2

Author(s):

Tim E Hardingham

Keyword(s):

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Hyaline Cartilage ◽

Sulfate Complex

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Analysis of the structure and activity of a novel growth factor, SCDGF, isolated from the chick embryonic spinal cord

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/s0168-0102(00)81631-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. S131

Author(s):

T Hamada

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Embryonic Spinal Cord ◽

Structure And Activity

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Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on Thrombin- and Atroxin-Induced Fibrin Assembly and Structure

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647117 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (04) ◽

pp. 1057-1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marcus E Carr ◽

Patrick L Powers

Keyword(s):

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Fibrin Gels ◽

Fiber Size ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact ◽

Fiber Radius ◽

Turbidity Increase

SummaryThis study was performed to quantitate the impact of several glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on fibrin assembly and structure. Gel formation was monitored as the increase in optical density at 633 nm subsequent to thrombin (2 NIH u/ml) or atroxin (0.10 mg/ml) addition to solutions of buffered fibrinogen (1 mg/ml) or plasma. Gel absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength (400 to 800 nm) and gel fiber diameter and mass/length ratio (μ) were calculated. Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)shortened the lag phase, enhanced the maximal rate of turbidity increase, and increased the final gel turbidity of fibrin gels formed by thrombin or atroxin. CSA (16 mg/ml) increased fiber μ from 1.3 to 3.1 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 6.0 to 8.6 × 10-6 cm in thrombin-induced gels. μ increased from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 4 to 7.8 × 10-6 cm for atroxin-induced gels. Above 16 mg/ml, CSA caused fibrinogen precipitation in purified solutions but not in plasma. CSA inhibited thrombin-induced plasma clotting of plasma but effects in atroxin-mediated plasma gels paralleled those seen in purified solutions. Chondroitin sulfate B (CSB)-induced changes in fibrin were similar but slightly less dramatic than those seen with CSA. μ increased from 0.9 to 2.0 × 1013 dalton/cm for thrombin-induced fibrin gels and from 0.8 to 2.3 × 1013 dalton/cm for atroxininduced gels. Low molecular weight heparin (Mr = 5100) slowed fibrin assembly and reduced fiber size by 50% in thrombininduced gels. Changes in μ of atroxin-induced gels were much less pronounced (<20%). This study documents pronounced GAGinduced changes in fibrin structure which vary with GAG species and may mediate significant physiologic functions.

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Separation of Heparin into Subtractions by DEAE-Cellulose Chromatography

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657046 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (05) ◽

pp. 1452-1459 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert H Yue ◽

Toby Starr ◽

Menard M Gertler

Keyword(s):

High Activity ◽

Uronic Acid ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Net Charge ◽

Uronic Acid Content ◽

Successful Separation ◽

Salt Gradient ◽

Structure And Activity ◽

Low Activity

SummaryCommercial porcine heparin can be separated into three distinct subtractions by using DEAE-cellulose chromatography and a stepped salt gradient. Gram quantities of heparin can be fractionated by this technique. All three heparin subtractions can accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III with different efficiency. The specific activities of the high activity heparin, intermediate activity heparin and low activity heparin are 228 units/mg, 142 units/mg and 95 units/mg, respectively. Both the uronic acid content and the quantity of N-SO4 for all three heparin subfractions have been evaluated. The high activity heparin has the lowest uronic acid and N-SO4 content. The successful separation of commercial heparin into three distinct subfractions by means of ion-exchange chromatography suggests that the net charge on these three heparin components will serve as a model system in the elucidation of the structure and activity relationship to the biological function of heparin.

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The Gut Microbiota of Rats under Experimental Osteoarthritis and Administration of Chondroitin Sulfate and Probiotic

Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal ◽

10.15407/microbiolj82.06.064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 64-73

Author(s):

O.H. Korotkyi ◽

◽

T.V. Luhovska ◽

T.M. Serhiychuk ◽

K.O. Dvorshchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Joint Inflammation ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Combined Administration ◽

Osteoarthritis Progression ◽

Experimental Osteoarthritis ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Osteoarthritis is a most widespread chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, cartilage deformation, and joint inflammation. Adverse alterations of intestinal microbiota like dysbiosis may lead to metabolic syndrome and inflammation, two important components of osteoarthritis progression. Aim. In this study we investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate and probiotics on the gut microbiome in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis model in rats. Methods. The species and quantitative composition of feces were determined using diagnostic media with selective properties. Further identification of isolated microorganisms was carried out according to morphological, tinctorial, physiological and metabolic parameters. The results are presented in the form of lg CFU/g. Results. Induction of osteoarthritis caused significant increasing the number of opportunistic enterobacteria and lactose-negative Escherichia coli against the decreasing of lacto- and bifidobacteria that may indicate a dysbiotic condition. Coadministration of chondroitin sulfate and probiotic bacteria has led to improvement the quantitative composition of the gut microbiota in experimental animals, the numerous of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus were increasing against decreasing the quantitative composition of opportunistic microorganisms. Conclusions. Monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis caused dysbiosis of gut in rat. We observed beneficial effect of combined administration of chondroitin sulfate and probiotics on gut microbiota composition in rats with experimental osteoarthritis. Thus, adding of supplements like probiotics to standard treatment of osteoarthritis may have potentials to prevent and treat this disease.

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