Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on Thrombin- and Atroxin-Induced Fibrin Assembly and Structure

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus E Carr ◽  
Patrick L Powers
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Fibrin Gels ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiber Radius ◽  
Turbidity Increase

SummaryThis study was performed to quantitate the impact of several glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on fibrin assembly and structure. Gel formation was monitored as the increase in optical density at 633 nm subsequent to thrombin (2 NIH u/ml) or atroxin (0.10 mg/ml) addition to solutions of buffered fibrinogen (1 mg/ml) or plasma. Gel absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength (400 to 800 nm) and gel fiber diameter and mass/length ratio (μ) were calculated. Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)shortened the lag phase, enhanced the maximal rate of turbidity increase, and increased the final gel turbidity of fibrin gels formed by thrombin or atroxin. CSA (16 mg/ml) increased fiber μ from 1.3 to 3.1 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 6.0 to 8.6 × 10-6 cm in thrombin-induced gels. μ increased from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 4 to 7.8 × 10-6 cm for atroxin-induced gels. Above 16 mg/ml, CSA caused fibrinogen precipitation in purified solutions but not in plasma. CSA inhibited thrombin-induced plasma clotting of plasma but effects in atroxin-mediated plasma gels paralleled those seen in purified solutions. Chondroitin sulfate B (CSB)-induced changes in fibrin were similar but slightly less dramatic than those seen with CSA. μ increased from 0.9 to 2.0 × 1013 dalton/cm for thrombin-induced fibrin gels and from 0.8 to 2.3 × 1013 dalton/cm for atroxininduced gels. Low molecular weight heparin (Mr = 5100) slowed fibrin assembly and reduced fiber size by 50% in thrombininduced gels. Changes in μ of atroxin-induced gels were much less pronounced (<20%). This study documents pronounced GAGinduced changes in fibrin structure which vary with GAG species and may mediate significant physiologic functions.

Methylene Blue Enhances Lateral Association of Fibrin Resulting in Rapid Gelation and Thick Fiber Formation

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus E Carr ◽  
Patrick L Powers
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Fibrin Gels ◽  
Thick Fiber ◽  
Fibrin Fiber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turbidity Increase

SummaryMethylene blue (MB) has been suggested as a therapeutic alternative for heparin reversal in patients sensitive to protamine. We investigated the impact of MB on the assembly and structure of thrombin induced fibrin and plasma gels. MB (1,600 μg/ml) reduced the thrombin clotting time (TCT) of plasma by 30% and of purified fibrinogen by 46%. Above 1,600 μg/ml, TCTs were prolonged due to MB mediated fibrinogen precipitation. The presence of 5 mM CaCl2 masked the effect of MB in both purified and plasma systems and lowered the threshold for MB-induced purified fibrinogen precipitation to 800 μg/ml. MB shortened the lag phase prior to thrombin-induced turbidity increase, and enhanced final gel turbidity. The fibrin fiber mass/length ratio increased from 5.2 to 13.1 × 1013 dalton/cm in purified fibrin gels and from 3.2 to 10.4 × 1013 dalton/cm in plasma gels as the MB concentration increased from 0 to 200 μglml. Due to the photooxidant effect of MB on fibrinogen, rapid time-dependent loss of fibrinogen clottability was obvious at low MB concentrations (50 to 400 μg/ml). At high MB concentrations, intense MB light absorption partially protected fibrinogen within the sample. Accurate measurements could only be made, however, when MB was added just prior to thrombin and the assays were performed in the dark. While erythrocytes may reduce the impact of MB photooxidation in whole blood, plasma samples must be shielded from light if reproducible results are to be obtained.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

scholarly journals Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis reveals that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGI121 gene affects lag time duration in synthetic grape must

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Li ◽  
Rebecca C Deed
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Abstract It is standard practice to ferment white wines at low temperatures (10-18 °C). However, low temperatures increase fermentation duration and risk of problem ferments, leading to significant costs. The lag duration at fermentation initiation is heavily impacted by temperature; therefore, identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes influencing fermentation kinetics is of interest for winemaking. We selected 28 S. cerevisiae BY4743 single deletants, from a prior list of open reading frames (ORFs) mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes VII and XIII, influencing the duration of fermentative lag time. Five BY4743 deletants, Δapt1, Δcgi121, Δclb6, Δrps17a, and Δvma21, differed significantly in their fermentative lag duration compared to BY4743 in synthetic grape must (SGM) at 15 °C, over 72 h. Fermentation at 12.5 °C for 528 h confirmed the longer lag times of BY4743 Δcgi121, Δrps17a, and Δvma21. These three candidate ORFs were deleted in S. cerevisiae RM11-1a and S288C to perform single reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA). RHA hybrids and single deletants of RM11-1a and S288C were fermented at 12.5 °C in SGM and lag time measurements confirmed that the S288C allele of CGI121 on chromosome XIII, encoding a component of the EKC/KEOPS complex, increased fermentative lag phase duration. Nucleotide sequences of RM11-1a and S288C CGI121 alleles differed by only one synonymous nucleotide, suggesting that intron splicing, codon bias, or positional effects might be responsible for the impact on lag phase duration. This research demonstrates a new role of CGI121 and highlights the applicability of QTL analysis for investigating complex phenotypic traits in yeast.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of growth stimulators improves the condition of maize exposed to soil drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽  
Tomasz Hura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil drought is a major problem in plant cultivation. This is particularly true for thermophilic plants, such as maize, which grow in areas often affected by precipitation shortage. The problem may be alleviated using plant growth and development stimulators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), zearalenone (ZEN), triacontanol (TRIA) and silicon (Si) on water management and photosynthetic activity of maize under soil drought. The experiments covered three developmental stages: three leaves, stem elongation and heading. The impact of these substances applied during drought stress depended on the plant development stage. 5-ALA affected chlorophyll levels, gas exchange and photochemical activity of PSII. Similar effects were observed for ZEN, which additionally induced stem elongation and limited dehydration. Beneficial effects of TRIA were visible at the stage of three leaves and involved leaf hydration and plant growth. A silicon preparation applied at the same developmental stage triggered similar effects and additionally induced changes in chlorophyll levels. All the stimulators significantly affected transpiration intensity at the heading stage.

scholarly journals High Throughput Centrifugal Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Carbon Fiber Nonwovens

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Andreas Hoffmann ◽  
Alexander J. C. Kuehne
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
Radial Forces ◽  
Fiber Deposition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pan Fibers

Carbon nanofiber nonwovens are promising materials for electrode or filtration applications; however, their utilization is obviated by a lack of high throughput production methods. In this study, we utilize a highly effective high-throughput method for the fabrication of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as a nonwoven on a dedicated substrate. The method employs rotational-, air pressure- and electrostatic forces to produce fibers from the inner edge of a rotating bell towards a flat collector. We investigate the impact of all above-mentioned forces on the fiber diameter, morphology, and bundling of the carbon-precursor PAN fibers. The interplay of radial forces with collector-facing forces has an influence on the uniformity of fiber deposition. Finally, the obtained PAN nanofibers are converted to carbon nonwovens by thermal treatment.

scholarly journals Utilization of low molecular weight organic compounds by the filterable fraction of a lotic microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia-Ann J Ghuneim ◽  
Marco A Distaso ◽  
Tatyana N Chernikova ◽  
Rafael Bargiela ◽  
Evgenii A Lunev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Substrate Addition

Abstract Filterable microorganisms participate in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling in freshwater systems, however their exact functional role remains unknown. We determined taxonomic identity and community dynamics of prokaryotic microbiomes in the 0.22 µm-filtered fraction and unfiltered freshwater from the Conwy River (North Wales, UK) in microcosms and, using targeted metabolomics and 14C-labelling, examined their role in utilization of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars spiked at environmentally-relevant (nanomolar) concentrations. To identify changes in community structure, we used 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Unlike the unfiltered water samples where the consumption of DOC was rapid, the filtered fraction showed a 3-days lag phase before the consumption started. Analysis of functional categories of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) showed COGs associated with energy production increased in numbers in both fractions with substrate addition. The filtered fraction utilized low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC at much slower rates than the whole community. Addition of nanomolar concentrations of LMW DOC did not measurably influence the composition of the microbial community nor the rate of consumption across all substrate types in either fraction. We conclude that due to their low activity, filterable microorganisms play a minor role in LMW DOC processing within short residence time of lotic freshwater systems.

scholarly journals Modulation of Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by Polypyrrole: The Impact on Neurogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Kateřina Skopalová ◽  
Katarzyna Anna Radaszkiewicz ◽  
Věra Kašpárková ◽  
Jaroslav Stejskal ◽  
Patrycja Bober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Erk Kinase

The active role of biomaterials in the regeneration of tissues and their ability to modulate the behavior of stem cells in terms of their differentiation is highly advantageous. Here, polypyrrole, as a representantive of electro-conducting materials, is found to modulate the behavior of embryonic stem cells. Concretely, the aqueous extracts of polypyrrole induce neurogenesis within embryonic bodies formed from embryonic stem cells. This finding ledto an effort to determine the physiological cascade which is responsible for this effect. The polypyrrole modulates signaling pathways of Akt and ERK kinase through their phosphorylation. These effects are related to the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds present in aqueous polypyrrole extracts, determined by mass spectroscopy. The results show that consequences related to the modulation of stem cell differentiation must also be taken into account when polypyrrole is considered as a biomaterial.

scholarly journals In Vivo Anti-Cancer Mechanism of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate (LFCS) from Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa

Molecules ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Jiejie Hao ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhao ◽  
Yinzhi Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

scholarly journals Using a concentrate of phenols obtained from olive vegetation water to preserve chilled food: two case studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fasolato ◽  
Barbara Cardazzo ◽  
Stefania Balzan ◽  
Lisa Carraro ◽  
Nadia Andrea Andreani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
The Impact

Phenols are plant metabolites characterised by several interesting bioactive properties such as antioxidant and bactericidal activities. In this study the application of a phenols concentrate (PC) from olive vegetation water to two different fresh products – gilt-head seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) and chicken breast – was described. Products were treated in a bath of PC (22 g/L; chicken breast) or sprayed with two different solutions (L1:0.75 and L2:1.5 mg/mL; seabream) and then stored under refrigeration conditions. The shelf life was monitored through microbiological analyses – quality index method for seabream and a specific sensory index for raw breast. The secondary products of lipid-peroxidation of the chicken breast were determined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) test on cooked samples. Multivariate statistical techniques were adopted to investigate the impact of phenols and microbiological data were fitted by DMfit software. In seabream, the levels of PC did not highlight any significant difference on microbiological and sensory features. DMfit models suggested an effect only on H<sub>2</sub>S producing bacteria with an increased lag phase compared to the control samples (C: 87 h <em>vs</em> L2: 136 h). The results on chicken breast showed that the PC bath clearly modified the growth of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. The phenol dipping was effective in limiting lipid-peroxidation (TBARs) after cooking. Treated samples disclosed an increase of shelf life of 2 days. These could be considered as preliminary findings suggesting the use of this concentrate as preservative in some fresh products.

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