Rice husk biochar influences runoff features, soil loss, and hydrological behavior of a loamy soil in a series of successive simulated rainfall events

CATENA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 104587
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamid Ahmadi ◽  
Hasan Ghasemi ◽  
Ali Reza Sepaskhah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Effects of coarse-fragment content and size on soil erosion under simulated rainfall

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Chow ◽  
H. W. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Rock Size

Farmers have long considered coarse fragments a hindrance in potato production. Rock picking or crushing has become a routine operation. Using simulated rainfall events and runoff-erosion plots (1 m × 1 m), the effects of coarse-fragment content (0, 7, 15 and 25% by volume) and size (1.0–1.9, 1.9–5.1 and 5.1–7.6-cm diam) on runoff, infiltration and soil loss were evaluated on an Orthic Dystric Brunisol. Study objectives were to quantify the influence of coarse fragments on soil erosion and to convert these relationships into mathematical equations for use with existing models to predict soil loss. Although there were only marginal increases in infiltration and reductions in runoff attributable to increasing content and size of coarse fragments, the rate of soil loss from the control was higher than that from all other treatments. In general, the rate of soil loss decreased with increasing content and size of coarse fragments. The effects of content and size of coarse fragments on soil-loss reduction, either individually or in combination, were expressed mathematically with correlation coefficients greater than 0.82. The study also revealed that for a given volumetric coarse-fragment content, the percentage surface cover increased with increasing coarse-fragment size. This finding has important practical implications because most reporting of coarse fragments is done on the basis of volume rather than percentage surface cover. Key words: Rock content, rock size, rainfall simulator, infiltration, soil loss

scholarly journals An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daljit Singh KARAM ◽  
Prakash NAGABOVANALLI ◽  
Keeren Sundara RAJOO ◽  
Che Fauziah ISHAK ◽  
Arifin ABDU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

scholarly journals Prediction of factors affecting activation of soil erosion by mathematical modeling at pedon scale under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shojaei ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Runoff Production

AbstractSoil degradation due to erosion is a significant worldwide problem at different spatial (from pedon to watershed) and temporal scales. All stages and factors in the erosion process must be detected and evaluated to reduce this environmental issue and protect existing fertile soils and natural ecosystems. Laboratory studies using rainfall simulators allow single factors and interactive effects to be investigated under controlled conditions during extreme rainfall events. In this study, three main factors (rainfall intensity, inclination, and rainfall duration) were assessed to obtain empirical data for modeling water erosion during single rainfall events. Each factor was divided into three levels (− 1, 0, + 1), which were applied in different combinations using a rainfall simulator on beds (6 × 1 m) filled with soil from a study plot located in the arid Sistan region, Iran. The rainfall duration levels tested were 3, 5, and 7 min, the rainfall intensity levels were 30, 60, and 90 mm/h, and the inclination levels were 5, 15, and 25%. The results showed that the highest rainfall intensity tested (90 mm/h) for the longest duration (7 min) caused the highest runoff (62 mm3/s) and soil loss (1580 g/m2/h). Based on the empirical results, a quadratic function was the best mathematical model (R2 = 0.90) for predicting runoff (Q) and soil loss. Single-factor analysis revealed that rainfall intensity was more influential for runoff production than changes in time and inclination, while rainfall duration was the most influential single factor for soil loss. Modeling and three-dimensional depictions of the data revealed that sediment production was high and runoff production lower at the beginning of the experiment, but this trend was reversed over time as the soil became saturated. These results indicate that avoiding the initial stage of erosion is critical, so all soil protection measures should be taken to reduce the impact at this stage. The final stages of erosion appeared too complicated to be modeled, because different factors showed differing effects on erosion.

Influencing factors on sorption of TNT and RDX using rice husk biochar

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Prasanna Lingamdinne ◽  
Hoon Roh ◽  
Yu-Lim Choi ◽  
Janardhan Reddy Koduru ◽  
Jae-Kyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Estimating storm erosion with a rainfall simulator

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Nolan ◽  
L. J. P. van Vliet ◽  
T. W. Goddard ◽  
T. K. Flesch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Natural Rainfall

Interpreting soil loss from rainfall simulators is complicated by the uncertain relationship between simulated and natural rainstorms. Our objective was to develop and test a method for estimating soil loss from natural rainfall using a portable rainfall simulator (1 m2 plot size). Soil loss from 12 rainstorms was measured on 144-m2 plots with barley residue in conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) conditions. A corresponding "simulated" soil loss was calculated by matching the simulator erosivity to each storm's erosivity. High (140 mm h−1) and low (60 mm h−1) simulation intensities were examined. The best agreement between simulated and natural soil loss occurred using the low intensity, after making three adjustments. The first was to compensate for the 38% lower kinetic energy of the simulator compared with natural rain. The second was for the smaller slope length of the simulator plot. The third was to begin calculating simulator erosivity only after runoff began. After these adjustments, the simulated soil loss over all storms was 99% of the natural soil loss for CT, 112% for RT and 95% for ZT. Our results show that rainfall simulators can successfully estimate soil loss from natural rainfall events. Key words: Natural rainfall events, simulated rainfall, erosivity, tillage

Rainfall runoff in soil erosion with simulated rainfall, overland flow and cover

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Singer ◽  
PH Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Soil Transport ◽  
Raindrop Impact

The 20-100 mm portion of a yellow podzolic soil (Albaqualf) from the Ginninderra Experiment Station (A.C.T.) was used in a rainfall simulator and flume facility to elucidate the interactions between raindrop impact, overland water flow and straw cover as they affect soil erosion. A replicated factorial design compared soil loss in splash and runoff from 50 and 100 mm h-1 rainfall, the equivalent of 100 mm h-1 overland flow, and 50 and 100 mm h-1 rainfall plus the equivalent of 100 mm h-' overland flow, all at 0, 40 and 80% straw cover on a 9% slope. As rainfall intensity increased, soil loss in splash and runoff increased. Within cover levels, the effect of added overland flow was to decrease splash but to increase total soil loss. This is due to an interaction between raindrops and runoff which produces a powerful detaching and transporting mechanism within the flow known as rain-flow transportation. Airsplash is reduced, in part, because of the changes in splash characteristics which accompany changes in depths of runoff water. Rain-flow transportation accounted for at least 64% of soil transport in the experiment and airsplash accounted for no more than 25% of soil transport The effects of rainfall, overland flow and cover treatments, rather than being additive, were found to correlate with a natural log transform of the soil loss data.

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