scholarly journals The hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex jointly represent task structure during memory-guided decision making

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 110065
Author(s):  
Eda Mızrak ◽  
Nichole R. Bouffard ◽  
Laura A. Libby ◽  
Erie D. Boorman ◽  
Charan Ranganath
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Task Structure

scholarly journals Corticosterone and decision-making in male Wistar rats: the effect of corticosterone application in the infralimbic and orbitofrontal cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Koot ◽  
Magdalini Koukou ◽  
Annemarie Baars ◽  
Peter Hesseling ◽  
José van ’t Klooster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Interacting roles of lateral and medial Orbitofrontal cortex in decision-making and learning : A system-level computational model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhargav Teja Nallapu ◽  
Frédéric Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
System Level ◽  
Interacting Networks ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Experimental Findings

AbstractIn the context of flexible and adaptive animal behavior, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is found to be one of the crucial regions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) influencing the downstream processes of decision-making and learning in the sub-cortical regions. Although OFC has been implicated to be important in a variety of related behavioral processes, the exact mechanisms are unclear, through which the OFC encodes or processes information related to decision-making and learning. Here, we propose a systems-level view of the OFC, positioning it at the nexus of sub-cortical systems and other prefrontal regions. Particularly we focus on one of the most recent implications of neuroscientific evidences regarding the OFC - possible functional dissociation between two of its sub-regions : lateral and medial. We present a system-level computational model of decision-making and learning involving the two sub-regions taking into account their individual roles as commonly implicated in neuroscientific studies. We emphasize on the role of the interactions between the sub-regions within the OFC as well as the role of other sub-cortical structures which form a network with them. We leverage well-known computational architecture of thalamo-cortical basal ganglia loops, accounting for recent experimental findings on monkeys with lateral and medial OFC lesions, performing a 3-arm bandit task. First we replicate the seemingly dissociate effects of lesions to lateral and medial OFC during decision-making as a function of value-difference of the presented options. Further we demonstrate and argue that such an effect is not necessarily due to the dissociate roles of both the subregions, but rather a result of complex temporal dynamics between the interacting networks in which they are involved.Author summaryWe first highlight the role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) in value-based decision making and goal-directed behavior in primates. We establish the position of OFC at the intersection of cortical mechanisms and thalamo-basal ganglial circuits. In order to understand possible mechanisms through which the OFC exerts emotional control over behavior, among several other possibilities, we consider the case of dissociate roles of two of its topographical subregions - lateral and medial parts of OFC. We gather predominant roles of each of these sub-regions as suggested by numerous experimental evidences in the form of a system-level computational model that is based on existing neuronal architectures. We argue that besides possible dissociation, there could be possible interaction of these sub-regions within themselves and through other sub-cortical structures, in distinct mechanisms of choice and learning. The computational framework described accounts for experimental data and can be extended to more comprehensive detail of representations required to understand the processes of decision-making, learning and the role of OFC and subsequently the regions of prefrontal cortex in general.

scholarly journals Autocorrelation structure at rest predicts value correlates of single neurons during reward-guided choice

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean E Cavanagh ◽  
Joni D Wallis ◽  
Steven W Kennerley ◽  
Laurence T Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Spike Rate ◽  
Accumulation Process ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Autocorrelation Structure

Correlates of value are routinely observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during reward-guided decision making. In previous work (Hunt et al., 2015), we argued that PFC correlates of chosen value are a consequence of varying rates of a dynamical evidence accumulation process. Yet within PFC, there is substantial variability in chosen value correlates across individual neurons. Here we show that this variability is explained by neurons having different temporal receptive fields of integration, indexed by examining neuronal spike rate autocorrelation structure whilst at rest. We find that neurons with protracted resting temporal receptive fields exhibit stronger chosen value correlates during choice. Within orbitofrontal cortex, these neurons also sustain coding of chosen value from choice through the delivery of reward, providing a potential neural mechanism for maintaining predictions and updating stored values during learning. These findings reveal that within PFC, variability in temporal specialisation across neurons predicts involvement in specific decision-making computations.

B.7 - 5-HT2A RECEPTORS IN THE ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX AND THE BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA MODULATE IMPULSIVE DECISION-MAKING IN RATS

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e28
Author(s):  
Lena Wischhof ◽  
Kerstin Wernecke ◽  
Ellen Irrsack ◽  
Malte Feja ◽  
Michael Koch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala

Human Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex Is Recruited During Experience of Imagined and Real Rewards

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2506-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Bray ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo ◽  
John P. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Tangible Rewards ◽  
Action Choice

Human decision-making frequently relies on mental simulation of future rewards to guide action choice. In this study, we sought to uncover brain regions engaged during reward imagery and to address whether these regions functionally overlap with regions activated by tangible rewards. We found that medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) is engaged both for real and imagined rewards and is preferentially engaged for imagery with rewarding content compared with other nonrewarding imagery. These findings support a critical role for mOFC in the representation of rewarding goal states, even if hypothetical.

scholarly journals The Orbitofrontal Cortex, Real-World Decision Making, and Normal Aging

2007 ◽  
Vol 1121 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. DENBURG ◽  
C. A. COLE ◽  
M. HERNANDEZ ◽  
T. H. YAMADA ◽  
D. TRANEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Normal Aging

Neural Mechanisms of the Testosterone–Aggression Relation: The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2357-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranjal H. Mehta ◽  
Jennifer Beer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Reduced Activity

Testosterone plays a role in aggressive behavior, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that testosterone influences aggression through the OFC, a region implicated in self-regulation and impulse control. In a decision-making paradigm in which people chose between aggression and monetary reward (the ultimatum game), testosterone was associated with increased aggression following social provocation (rejecting unfair offers). The effect of testosterone on aggression was explained by reduced activity in the medial OFC. The findings suggest that testosterone increases the propensity toward aggression because of reduced activation of the neural circuitry of impulse control and self-regulation.

scholarly journals Covert shift of attention modulates the value encoding in the orbitofrontal cortex

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xie ◽  
Chechang Nie ◽  
Tianming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Reward Value ◽  
Winner Take All ◽  
Take All ◽  
Attention Shifts

During value-based decision making, we often evaluate the value of each option sequentially by shifting our attention, even when the options are presented simultaneously. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been suggested to encode value during value-based decision making. Yet it is not known how its activity is modulated by attention shifts. We investigated this question by employing a passive viewing task that allowed us to disentangle effects of attention, value, choice and eye movement. We found that the attention modulated OFC activity through a winner-take-all mechanism. When we attracted the monkeys’ attention covertly, the OFC neuronal activity reflected the reward value of the newly attended cue. The shift of attention could be explained by a normalization model. Our results strongly argue for the hypothesis that the OFC neuronal activity represents the value of the attended item. They provide important insights toward understanding the OFC’s role in value-based decision making.

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