STUDENT ASTHMA STATUS AND SCHOOL ABSENCE

Background: One in four school-aged children is bullied. However, the risk may be greater for childhood cancer patients/survivors (diagnosed <18 years), because of symptoms of the disease and treatment that may prejudice peers. While the serious consequences of bullying are well documented in the general population, bullying may have even greater impact in children with cancer due to the myriad of challenges associated with treatment and prolonged school absence. Objective: To summarize the state of evidence on bullying in childhood cancer patients/survivors; specifically, the rate and types of bullying experienced and the associated factors. Method: We searched five electronic databases from inception to February 2018 for original research articles reporting on bullying in childhood cancer patients/survivors. Results: We identified 29 eligible articles, representing 1,078 patients/survivors ( M = 14.35 years). Self-reports from patients/survivors revealed a considerably higher rate of bullying (32.2%) compared with the general population (25%). Our review identified little information on the factors associated with bullying in patients/survivors. However, the bullying described tended to be verbal and was often related to the physical side effects of treatment, indicating that differences in appearance may prejudice peers. It was further suggested that educating the child’s classmates about cancer may prevent bullying. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that bullying is a significant challenge for many childhood cancer patients/survivors. Additional studies are needed to identify factors that may influence the risk of bullying, which will inform the development of evidence-based interventions and guidelines to prevent bullying in childhood cancer patients/survivors.

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Associations between Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes and Exhaled NO-Related Phenotypes according to Asthma Status

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0036672 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e36672 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Emmanuelle Bouzigon ◽

Florent Monier ◽

Mekki Boussaha ◽

Nicole Le Moual ◽

Hélène Huyvaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Exhaled No ◽

Asthma Status ◽

Oxide Synthase

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Mapping inequalities in school attendance: the relationship between different dimensions of socioeconomic status and forms of school absence

10.31235/osf.io/9jrqx ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Markus Klein ◽

Edward Sosu ◽

Shadrach Dare

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Census Data ◽

School Attendance ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Housing Status ◽

School Absence ◽

Parental Class ◽

School Truancy ◽

The Relationship ◽

School Records

In this paper, we investigated whether and to what extent dimensions of socioeconomic background (parental education, parental class, free school meal registration, housing status, and neighborhood deprivation) predict overall school absences and different reasons for missing school (truancy, sickness, family holidays and temporary exclusion) among 4,620 secondary pupils in Scotland. Participants were drawn from a sample of the Scottish Longitudinal Study comprising linked Census data and administrative school records. Using fractional logit models and logistic regressions, we found that all dimensions of socioeconomic background were uniquely linked to overall absences. Multiple measures of socioeconomic background were also associated with truancy, sickness-related absence and temporary exclusion. Social housing and parental education had the most pervasive effect across these forms of absenteeism.

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Identification of Persons Who Are Responsive To Wood Smoke Particle-Induced Airway Inflammation With Assessment of The Effect of GSTM1, Asthma Status And Sex On This Response.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1065589/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David B. Peden ◽

Laura Zhou ◽

Allison J. Burbank ◽

Martha Almond ◽

Michelle L. Hernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽

Wood Smoke ◽

Similar Response ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Asthma Status ◽

Identification Of Persons ◽

The Impact ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: We are currently screening human volunteers to determine their sputum polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response 6 and 24 hours following initiation of exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP). Inflammatory responders (>10% increase in %PMN) are identified for their subsequent participation in mitigation studies against WSP-induced airways inflammation. In this report we compared responder status (N=52) at both 6 and 24hr time points to refine/expand its classification, assessed the impact of the GSTM1 genotype, asthma status and sex on responder status, and explored whether sputum soluble phase markers of inflammation correlate with PMN responsiveness to WSP. Results: In the entire cohort, we found a significant, but very small, decrease in FVC and systolic blood pressure immediately following WSP exposure and sputum %PMNs were significantly increased at 24 hours post exposure, the latter finding was also significantly correlated with sputum IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and PMN/mg; a similar response was not found at the 6 hour %PMN response. Blood endpoints in the entire cohort showed a significant increase in %PMN and PMN/mg at 6 but not 24 hours. Six-hour responders tended to be 24-hour responders and vice versa, but 24-hour responders also had significantly increased IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 at 24 hours post WSP exposure. The GSTM1 null genotype significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the %PMN response at 6 hours in the entire cohort, by 24% in the 24-hour responders and not at all in the 6 hours responders. Asthma status enhanced the 24 hour %PMN response in the entire cohort and in the 6- and 24-hour responders. Sex had no effect on %PMN response. Conclusions: The 24 hour time point was more informative than the 6 hour time point in optimally defining airway inflammatory responsiveness to WSP exposure. GSTM1 and asthma status are significant effect modifiers of this response. These study design and subject parameters should be considered before enrolling volunteers for proof-of-concept WSP mitigation studies.

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School Absence: A Problem for the Pediatrician

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.6.739 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 739-746

Author(s):

Michael Weitzman ◽

Lorraine V. Klerman ◽

George Lamb ◽

Jean Menary ◽

Joel J. Alpert

Keyword(s):

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Maladaptive Behavior ◽

Drop Out ◽

Health Needs ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

School Absence ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Unmet Health Needs

Children who are frequently or persistently absent from school tend to perform poorly in school and are likely to drop out before graduation from high school. Excessive school absence has significant implications in terms of maladaptive behavior, wasted opportunities, and future unemployment and welfare costs. Epidemiologic information about this problem suggests that physical and mental health problems of students or their families are the sole or contributing cause of this behavior in more than 50% of cases. Excessive school absence may signal such health problems as poor coping with or management of chronic illness, masked depression, teenage pregnancy, substance abuse, inappropriate responses to minor illnesses, or severe family dysfunction. School absence patterns appear to be a readily available, easy-to-use marker of childhood dysfunction which lends itself to screening large numbers of children for unmet health needs. Attention to this area of child behavior as part of routine health care will frequently uncover previously unrecognized health problems in children and their families.

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