Urban size effect on biodiversity: The need for a conceptual framework for the implementation of urban policy for small cities

Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 102590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Łopucki ◽  
Daniel Klich ◽  
Ignacy Kitowski ◽  
Adam Kiersztyn
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Caiaffa ◽  
A. A. L. Friche ◽  
M. A. S. Dias ◽  
A. L. Meireles ◽  
C. F. Ignacio ◽  
...  

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802091779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan H While ◽  
Simon Marvin ◽  
Mateja Kovacic

Advances in robotics, artificial intelligence and automation have the potential to transform cities and urban social life. However, robotic restructuring of the city is complicated and contested. Technology is still evolving, robotic infrastructure is expensive and there are technical, trust and safety challenges in bringing robots into dynamic urban environments alongside humans. This article examines the nascent field of ‘urban robotics’ in three emblematic yet diverse national-urban contexts that are leading centres for urban robotic experimentation. Focusing on the experimental application of autonomous social robots, the article explores: (i) the rationale for urban robotic experiments and the interests involved, and (ii) the challenges and outcomes of creating meaningful urban spaces for robotic experimentation. The article makes a distinctive contribution to urban research by illuminating a potentially far-reaching but under-researched area of urban policy. It provides a conceptual framework for mapping and understanding the highly contingent, spatially uneven and socially selective processes of robotic urban experimentation.


2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Vera F. Rezende ◽  
Fernanda Furtado ◽  
Maria Teresa Corrêa de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Jorgensen Junior

Este artigo contempla uma avaliação sobre as matrizes conceituais que orientaram a construção da noção da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir, instrumento definido no Estatuto da Cidade para integrar a política urbana municipal das cidades brasileiras. Este trabalho propõe uma análise do longo caminho percorrido desde os primeiros debates até a edição de sua versão atual no Estatuto da Cidade, entendendo esta avaliação como necessária para uma melhor compreensão das potencialidades da outorga onerosa e das questões que permeiam os atuais debates sobre sua implementação em diferentes municípios. Para tanto, o trabalho realiza uma sistematização do extenso material bibliográfico que aborda o instrumento, assim como das questões pertinentes ao Solo Criado, conceito que lhe dá origem, percorrendo as décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990. Palavras-chave: Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir; Solo Criado; Estatuto da Cidade; direito de construir; instrumentos de política urbana. Abstract: This paper analyzes the conceptual framework underlying the “Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir”, a legal instrument defined in the City Statute as part of urban policy in Brazilian municipalities. We focus on the evolution of this powerful and complex instrument from the early stages of its debate until its current version in the City Statute, emphasizing the importance of such analysis to the understanding of the procedure’s potential and to the controversy on its implementation across different municipalities. With this intent, this paper investigates the literature on the procedure, as well as on a related concept, the “Solo Criado”, from the seventies until the nineties. Keywords: Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir; Solo Criado; City Statute; building rights; urban policy instruments.


1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Butler ◽  
Henry Chambers ◽  
Murray Goldstein ◽  
Susan Harris ◽  
Judy Leach ◽  
...  

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Rurup ◽  
H. R. W. Pasman ◽  
J. Goedhart ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
A. J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
...  

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10–20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were carried out. Through open coding and inductive analysis, we developed a conceptual framework to describe the development of death wishes. Respondents were selected from two cohort studies. Results: The wish to die had either been triggered suddenly after traumatic life events or had developed gradually after a life full of adversity, as a consequence of aging or illness, or after recurring depression. The respondents were in a situation they considered unacceptable, yet they felt they had no control to change their situation and thus progressively “gave up” trying. Recurring themes included being widowed, feeling lonely, being a victim, being dependent, and wanting to be useful. Developing thoughts about death as a positive thing or a release from problems seemed to them like a way to reclaim control. Conclusions: People who wish to die originally develop thoughts about death as a positive solution to life events or to an adverse situation, and eventually reach a balance of the wish to live and to die.


1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 967-968
Author(s):  
Ernst G. Beier
Keyword(s):  

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