The expanding role of movement behavior in insect conservation ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Katherine C Kral-O’Brien ◽  
Jason P Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Insect Conservation ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Conservation Ecology

Role of the Oculomotor Vermis in Generating Pursuit and Saccades: Effects of Microstimulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 2046-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Krauzlis ◽  
F. A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Oculomotor Vermis ◽  
Eye Velocity

Krauzlis, R. J. and F. A. Miles. Role of the oculomotor vermis in generating pursuit and saccades: effects of microstimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2046–2062, 1998. We studied the eye movements evoked by applying small amounts of current (2–50 μA) within the oculomotor vermis of two monkeys. We first compared the eye movements evoked by microstimulation applied either during maintained pursuit or during fixation. Smooth, pursuitlike changes in eye velocity caused by the microstimulation were directed toward the ipsilateral side and occurred at short latencies (10–20 ms). The amplitudes of these pursuitlike changes were larger during visually guided pursuit toward the contralateral side than during either fixation or visually guided pursuit toward the ipsilateral side. At these same sites, microstimulation also often produced abrupt, saccadelike changes in eye velocity. In contrast to the smooth changes in eye velocity, these saccadelike effects were more prevalent during fixation and during pursuit toward the ipsilateral side. The amplitude and type of evoked eye movements could also be manipulated at single sites by changing the frequency of microstimulation. Increasing the frequency of microstimulation produced increases in the amplitude of pursuitlike changes, but only up to a certain point. Beyond this point, the value of which depended on the site and whether the monkey was fixating or pursuing, further increases in stimulation frequency produced saccadelike changes of increasing amplitude. To quantify these effects, we introduced a novel method for classifying eye movements as pursuitlike or saccadelike. The results of this analysis showed that the eye movements evoked by microstimulation exhibit a distinct transition point between pursuit and saccadelike effects and that the amplitude of eye movement that corresponds to this transition point depends on the eye movement behavior of the monkey. These results are consistent with accumulating evidence that the oculomotor vermis and its associated deep cerebellar nucleus, the caudal fastigial, are involved in the control of both pursuit and saccadic eye movements. We suggest that the oculomotor vermis might accomplish this role by altering the amplitude of a motor error signal that is common to both saccades and pursuit.

Eye Movement Behavior and Individual Differences in Word Identification During Reading

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn R. Folk ◽  
Michael A. Eskenazi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Adult Readers ◽  
Developing Readers ◽  
Different Populations

This chapter provides an overview of how the observation of eye movement behavior can be used to study how words are identified during reading in different populations. The chapter begins with a discussion of different eye movement behaviors, the perceptual span, and parafoveal processing. After providing the reader with a basic understanding of terms and methodology, the authors discuss how eye movements in reading change across the lifespan, individual differences in eye movement behavior in lower-skill and higher-skill adult readers, and eye movement patterns in special populations. This discussion highlights what is known about changes in eye movement behaviors from developing readers to older adult readers. It also includes a discussion of the role of eye movements in dyslexia and eye movement behavior in readers who are deaf.

The Role of the Amateur in Insect Conservation

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-Michael Brunelle
Keyword(s):  
Insect Conservation

scholarly journals The Role of Small Woodland Remnants on Ground Dwelling Insect Conservation in Chaco Serrano, Central Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Moreno ◽  
María Guadalupe Fernández ◽  
Silvia Itati Molina ◽  
Graciela Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Insect Conservation ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Chaco Serrano

Numerical Study on Discharging Characteristics of Pebble Cluster Flow in Pebble Bed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ge ◽  
Nan Gui ◽  
Xingtuan Yang ◽  
Jiyuan Tu ◽  
Shengyao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cluster Models ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Pebble Bed ◽  
Included Angle ◽  
Entrance Section ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Cluster Flow

Abstract To better understand the flow features of pebble cluster in pebble bed, discharging of the pebble cluster were simulated by DEM. The pebble entangled cluster was composed of eight particles connected by rigid bonds and the simulated cluster models are divided into two types: axisymmetric u-particle and distorted z-particle. The simulation starts with the closed discharge outlet and the bonded clusters with different ID are randomly added from the entrance section. The pebbles fall freely and accumulate freely in the pebble bed. The discharge hole opens after all the pebbles being stationary for a period. Then the pebbles are discharged from the pebble bed under gravity. The discharging process is time-dependent bulk-movement behavior. There is not much mixing between layers on the boundary. The vertical end makes the packing loose, but also intensifies the interaction between particles due to entanglement. Consequently, the discharge features of pebble clusters of different included angles were quantified. The results show that the pebble discharging speeds depend on entanglement angle (α of u-particle and η of z-particle) and discharging outlet diameter. A large included angle may play the role of retarding or inhibiting the discharging flowrate. Therefore, the entanglement of particles component also always plays the key role of retarding the discharge.

scholarly journals Sport expertise development and the constraints-led approach

Conexões ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e019001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Uehara ◽  
Chris Button ◽  
Keith Davids
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Expertise Development ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Sport Expertise ◽  
Study Results

Objective: This review article delineates some important theoretical concepts that inform sport expertise acquisition studies. In particular, the principles of ecological psychology and dynamical systems theory have united together to form the ecological dynamics, a framework that provides the perfect platform through which to study the role of socio-cultural constraints upon sport expertise. Methodology: The body of information collected for this article was primarily extracted from peer- reviewed articles and academic books. This review article used Brazilian soccer as the case study. Results and discussion: Whilst the sports expertise literature has been guilty of somewhat polarising the influence of either practice or inherited attributes upon motor learning there are nonetheless many useful lessons to be learnt from this review article. For example, sport expertise development takes place over many years and includes numerous formal and informal pathways that athletes can take to excel.  Conclusion: The constraints-led approach has been promoted as a framework for understanding how people acquire perceptual-motor skills for sport and physical activities. On a practical level, this approach suggests that the major role of the coach or teacher is to manipulate key constraints in order to facilitate discovery of functional movement behavior.

Shaping the Environmental Self: The Role of Childhood Experiences in Shaping Identity Standards of Environmental Behavior in Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 073112142098168
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
The Life Course

Existing research shows that childhood processes affect identity formation. However, there is limited scholarly understanding about how these processes work as children age. The case of environmental behavior offers the opportunity to interrogate these processes. I use reflective interviews with 40 participants in the 2014 People’s Climate March in New York to understand how the socialization of environmental behavior in childhood shapes their perceptions of the processes of identity formation related to participation in the environmental movement. I argue that environmental movement behavior is facilitated by the development of compatible identity standards during childhood. I find that four processes—nature experiences, witnessing degradation, parental modeling, and school experiences—influence participation in environmental movement behavior in adulthood. My results highlight varied ways that behavior in adulthood can be facilitated through the shaping of identity standards over the life course. This research has implications for research on socialization, identities, social movements, and the environment.

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