Application of infrared thermography to assess the effect of different types of environmental enrichment on the ocular, auricular pavilion and nose area temperatures of weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Yáñez-Pizaña ◽  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Ramíro Ramírez-Necoechea ◽  
Manuel Castillo-Rivera ◽  
Patricia Roldán-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Hand-Arm Vibration Assessment and Changes in the Thermal Map of the Skin in Tennis Athletes during the Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Amaro ◽  
Maria F. Paulino ◽  
Maria A. Neto ◽  
Luis Roseiro
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Different Types

During recent years the number of tennis athletes has increased significantly. When playing tennis, the human body is exposed to many situations which can lead to human injuries, such as the so-called tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis). In this work a biomechanical analysis of tennis athletes, particularly during the service, was performed, considering three different types of over-grip and the presence of one anti-vibrator device. One part of the study evaluates the exposure to hand-arm vibration of the athlete, based on the European Directive 2002/44/EC concerning the minimum health and safety requirements, regarding the exposure of workers to risks from physical agents. The second part of the study considers an infrared thermography analysis in order to identify signs of risk of injury, particularly tennis elbow, one of the most common injuries in this sport. The results show that the presence of the anti-vibrator influences the vibration values greatly in the case of athletes with more experience and also for athletes with less performance. The presence of the Cork and/or Tourna on the racket grip does not have any significant effect on the hand-arm vibration (HAV), similarly in the case of athletes with the best performance and athletes with less technique. The results indicated that the infrared thermography technique may be used to identify the risk of injuries in tennis players.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment for primates in laboratories

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Special Case

Abstract. Environmental enrichment is a critical component of Refinement, one of the 3Rs underlying humane experimentation on animals. In this paper I discuss why primates housed in laboratories, which often have constraints of space and study protocols, are a special case for enrichment. I outline a framework for categorising the different types of enrichment, using the marmoset as a case study, and summarise the methods used to determine what animals want/prefer. I briefly review the arguments that enrichment does not negatively affect experimental outcomes. Finally I focus on complexity and novelty, choice and control, the underlying features of enrichment that makes it successful, and how combined with a thorough understanding of natural history we can put effective enrichment into practice in laboratories. Throughout the paper I emphasise the need to evaluate enrichment to ensure it is having the desired effect.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Influence of Different Types of Nesting Materials upon the Welfare of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Naomi Anderson ◽  
Bala Amarasekaran ◽  
David Riba
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring the welfare of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) is crucial, in part because they can act as a conservation resource in the case of wild populations becoming extinct. One strategy often adopted to ensure animal welfare is environmental enrichment. In this study, we investigated the impact of different nesting materials (leaves and branches, long grass, cotton sheets, and shredded newspaper) upon the welfare of chimpanzees housed at Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary (Sierra Leone). Data was collected on 20 subjects (aged 4 to 15 years) between November 2019 and March 2020. Welfare was based on individuals’ relative frequency of affiliative, abnormal and agonistic behaviours, as well as their social and behavioural competence. We found that individuals’ welfare was higher when presented with nesting materials (compared to the control and post-treatment conditions), particularly when given shredded newspaper, regardless of whether the material was presented separately or in conjunction with another. In addition, welfare was highest: during the morning (vs evening); in groups of older individuals (vs younger); with females engaging in less agonistic behaviours compared to males; and males displaying relatively higher behavioural competence. Our results support previous research that captive chimpanzees be supplied with destructible nesting materials, and demonstrate that synthetic enrichments can indeed have a more positive impact upon welfare than their natural alternatives.

Influence of different types of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of finishing pigs in two different housing systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
K. Scott ◽  
L. Taylor ◽  
B. P.Gill ◽  
S. A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Different Types

It is generally accepted that environmental enrichment improves the welfare of growing pigs through the provision of substrates for exploratory and manipulatory behaviour. EC Directive 2001/93 and The Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2003 state that pigs must have permanent access to materials to enable proper investigation and manipulation activities, and give as examples straw, hay, wood, sawdust, mushroom compost and peat. However, the use of particulate rooting materials in slatted systems can cause difficulties for slurry management and it is important to establish whether alternative enrichment forms, such as hanging objects, can be equally effective. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of environmental enrichment with either hanging manipulable toys or rootable substrates on the behaviour of finishing pigs in two contrasting housing systems.

The effect of enrichment on the behaviour, welfare and performance of early-weaned piglets in slatted flatdeck housing

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
E.A. Moore ◽  
D.M. Broom ◽  
P.H. Simmins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Commercial Housing ◽  
And Performance

Consideration of the welfare of the weaner pig requires knowledge of the needs of the animal and determining how these needs may be accommodated in commercial housing. Piglets raised in extensive conditions spend much of their day engaged in exploratory behaviours, including rooting, nosing, shaking and chewing objects. Research indicates that exploratory activity is important for the animal's well-being. Flatdeck accommodation with slatted flooring is coming under increasing critisism on welfare grounds in that it offers little outlet for such behaviours. As a consequence, piglets tend to redirect these behaviours towards penmates which is undesirable. Supplementing the pen with objects which enable normal exploratory behaviours may create an environment more suited to the needs of the piglet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour, welfare and performance of early-weaned piglets.

Defect Identification and Acceptance of FRP and FRCM Masonry Reinforcement by Infrared Thermography Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Riccardo Angiuli ◽  
Paolo Corvaglia ◽  
Alessandro Largo ◽  
Angela Coricciati
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Defect Identification ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Partial Repair ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Different Types

Masonry structures, both historic and newly built, often need reinforcement interventions to meet new or increased loads or in the case of adjustment against seismic actions. The result of this type of intervention must be verified or tested to ensure the correspondence between what was originally designed and what was realized. In addition to numerous destructive and semi-destructive techniques, infrared thermography (IRT) is a contactless diagnostic technique which can rapidly provide information about the success of such reinforcement interventions, even on masonry structures. In the present work an experimental campaign to evaluate the effectiveness of IRT in identifying different types of defects that can be found on different reinforcement systems (FRP, Fibre-reinforced plastic, or FRCM, Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) for masonry structures has been performed. A thermographic survey was repeated even after repair works on the defects in order to identify a procedure of acceptance that can also be used on areas subject to total or partial repair.

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