Research on the Reform of Real Estate Taxation in the Personal Housing Ownership Link

Housing is related to the well-being of people’s livelihood, but at present, the real estate market is overheated, and the price of commercial housing remains high. The implementation of the reform of real estate tax in Shanghai and Chongqing has aroused heated discussions in the society. A timely promotion of real estate tax reform and legislation can play a role in tax regulation. This study takes the reform of real estate tax in regard to personal housing ownership link as the research theme and discusses the setting of collection scheme, the application of tax evaluation technology, as well as tax collection and management.

The First and Second Gostiny Dig Sites in Tobolsk

This article continues a series of papers dedicated to introducing in the scientific discourse materials ob-tained during archaeological investigations of the cultural layer of Tobolsk — the main city of Siberia during the Russian colonization. In the course of investigation of the First and Second Gostiny dig sites, laid at the walls of Gostiny Dvor, there were recorded 24 structures of residential and economic purposes, dated to the period from the 17th to the 19th centuries on the basis of planigraphic and stratigraphic analyses and finds. The residential timber structures were single-storeyed, with saddle notch type corners (“v oblo”) with tails. Beside the houses, there were root cellars. A representative collection of finds is related to the houses: animal bones; breakage of stoneware, chinaware, and glassware; fragments of terracotta, enameled, and polychrome tile, as well as objects made of bone, leather, bark, and wood, mainly dated to the 17th — beginning of the 19th century. The most common mate-rial, amounted to several thousand items, was represented by pottery shards — pots, ewers, jars, and pans, which were used for food cooking, food storage, as well as for other everyday purposes. The porcelain ware is associated with the tea ceremony and is mainly represented by fragments of saucers, and sometimes those of drinking cups, bowls, and teapots. By the provenance, two groups of the porcelain have been identified — Chi-nese and Russian, with characteristic makers marks and patterns. The collection of iron items consists of knives, bridle bits, door hinges, latches, nails, hooks, and fragments of scissors. The leather footwear is represented by one-piece leather-hide shoes, high boots, and shoes with iron heeltaps. Another category of the finds is represented by bone combs, which were ordinarily used not only by women, but also by men. The numismatic collection com-prises 36 Russian coins and a counter pfennig struck in the workshop of Johann Adam Dietzel (master 1746–1768) in Nuremberg. The copper articles are represented by five baptismal cross pendants and by a find unique for the Siberian region — a gilded panhagia of a copper alloy with a sliding finial, several liturgical inscriptions, and images, including those of the Crucifixion, the Holy Trinity of the Old Testament, and the Mother of God of the Sign. In ge-neral, the archaeological materials of the digs show that this quarter of the uptown of Tobolsk was part of the resi-dential and commercial housing of the town, while its residents had a relatively high level of material wellbeing.

Constitutional Court’s of the Russian Federation Impact on Public Property (Part 2)

The article focuses on the main principles of public property as Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation formulates them. The author reveals actual problems of public property as a complex institution, including mainly constitutional, administrative, financial, and in a less degree civil law. There is a direct relation between public property, public finance, budget, legal regime of the territory concerned and citizens’ public rights. Establishment of a legal regime of the territory helps to preserve current public land and property usage and provides public rights. The ability of public property unilateral transfer to another level of public ownership is justified. Meantime in the context of specialized public housing stock problem the author suggests sensitive decision for the legal status of quarters as a specialized commercial housing stock. Legal positions of the Constitutional Court promote effective solution to the conflict within the community and provide guidance for the legislative and law-enforcement activity.

Constitutional Court’s of the Russian Federation Impact on Public Property (Part 1)

The article focuses on the main principles of public property as Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation formulates them. The author reveals actual problems of public property as a complex institution, including mainly constitutional, administrative, financial, and in a less degree civil law. There is a direct relation between public property, public finance, budget, legal regime of the territory concerned and citizens’ public rights. Establishment of a legal regime of the territory helps to preserve current public land and property usage and provides public rights. The ability of public property unilateral transfer to another level of public ownership is justified. Meantime in the context of specialized public housing stock problem the author suggests sensitive decision for the legal status of quarters as a specialized commercial housing stock. Legal positions of the Constitutional Court promote effective solution to the conflict within the community and provide guidance for the legislative and law-enforcement activity.

The Small Property Rights Housing Institution in Mainland China: The Perspective of Substitutability of Institutional Functions

Despite its informal nature, small property rights housing (SPRH) proliferates in many Chinese cities. Given the institutional functions of the SPRH institution, it may not be desirable for the state to intervene in the SPRH sector. However, the institutional credibility and the institutional functions of SPRH are not completely endogenous, which contradicts the assumption of the credibility thesis. Based on the framework of the credibility thesis, this paper proposes the concept of the substitutability of institutional functions and develops a framework integrating the concepts of substitutability and credibility to examine the influence of functional substitutability on institutional credibility. Research hypotheses were tested with the data collected through a questionnaire survey on SPRH residents in Shenzhen and Chenzhou (n = 458). The analysis results of the combined model suggest that the supportive perceptions of actors for SPRH and the credibility of SPRH are significantly related to the substitutability of SPRH’s functions. The effect of the substitutability of social housing on credibility is found insignificant, while the impact of the substitutability of commercial housing on credibility is significant. However, the analysis results are city-specific. A significant negative correlation is found between the substitutability of formal housing institutions and the credibility of SPRH in Chenzhou but not in Shenzhen. This study attempted to refine the credibility thesis by clarifying the relationship between institutional functions and institutional credibility and examining the endogeneity of credibility.

Factors affecting commercial housing prices in Vietnam

Purpose The study aims to identify the affecting factors and their impact rates on the commercial housing prices. The study also aims to suggest implications related to commercial housing prices to develop the commercial housing market. Design/methodology/approach The study investigates housing investors, real estate agents and buyers to identify factors that might affect commercial housing prices. The proposed research model has 7 latent factors and is tested by Cronbach' alpha and exploratory factor analysis by SPSS20.0 software. Findings There are 7 groups with 24 factors affecting commercial housing prices. The neighboring factor group has the greatest impact rate (18.54%); the housing service group has the lowest impact rate (11.48%). Research limitations/implications The study has only determined the affecting factors and their impact rates on commercial housing prices in Bac Ninh city. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on factors affecting commercial housing prices in other provinces and cities of Vietnam in the coming time. In addition, the proposed research method can also be consulted when it is necessary to determine the factors affecting commercial housing prices in other countries around the world. Practical implications The study proposes some implications related to commercial housing prices such as commercial housing valuation; housing selection with suitable prices for people intending to buy houses; state support policies for commercial housing investors to develop commercial housing with reasonable prices. Social implications The implementing the implications proposed in the study will facilitate people's easier access to commercial housing; real estate investors do business more efficiently. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper presents for the first time a method to determine the affecting factors and their impact rates on commercial housing prices in Vietnam. The paper also points out a number of specific factors affecting commercial housing prices that are different from those shown in previous studies.

Study of a System Dynamics Model of Wuhan Commodity Housing Price

Commodity housing is the most important product in the development of modern civil engineering, and it is also the frontier problem of modern engineering project management research. The progress of civil engineering in China can be seen to a great extent through the development of commercial housing. In order to solve the severe problem of rapid growth of commodity housing price in China, considering the advantages of system dynamics theory, a system dynamics model of commodity housing price is constructed. Eight subsystems, namely, housing demand, housing supply, housing price, urban population, urban economy, housing land, housing tenancy, and macro-control, are studied. Taking the relevant data of Wuhan as an example, the Vensim DSS is used for simulations. In addition, a validity test and sensitivity test are used to verify the validity and feasibility of the model, respectively. Based on the model, it is successfully predicted that the price of commercial housing in Wuhan will reach 18,207.9 yuan/m2 in 2030, which provides a more systematic method of prediction for synthesis simulation of commercial housing markets. From the perspective of the developer loan interest rate, real estate tax rate, purchase restriction, and other policies, we show that the developer loan interest rate regulation policy has the strongest effect on guiding the change in commercial housing prices in Wuhan. Generally, this study provides insight into the responses that the national government could use to control housing prices.

Residents' satisfaction with cultural services provided by property managers in Chinese housing communities

In this article we discussed the influence path of culture-building services provided by property management companies in China's residential communities, and their relationship with residents' evaluations of the companies' services. Using data from a survey of 501 residents of typical commercial housing communities, we constructed a structural equation model based on the stimulus–organism–response framework. Community cultural services were used as the stimulus variable; pleasure, arousal, and perceived value were the organism variables; and customer satisfaction was the response variable. Our results show that the impact of cultural services on residents' evaluations could be explained by the stimulus–organism–response model, such that a strong community culture had a positive impact on residents' emotions and perceived value, and on customer satisfaction. The findings of this study enrich understanding of how property services managers can construct a community culture system to satisfy owners.