The dissociation of temporal processing behavior in concussion patients: Stable motor and dynamic perceptual timing

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Bader ◽  
William R. Kochen ◽  
Marilyn Kraus ◽  
Martin Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Perceptual Timing

scholarly journals Perceptual timing precision with vibrotactile, auditory, and multisensory stimuli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel F. Sussman ◽  
Mercedes B. Villalonga ◽  
Robert Sekuler
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Timing Precision ◽  
Psychometric Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Perceptual Limits

It is important to understand the perceptual limits on vibrotactile information-processing because of the increasing use of vibrotactile signals in common technologies like cell phones. To advance such an understanding, we examined vibrotactile temporal acuity and compared it to auditory and bimodal (synchronous vibrotactile and auditory) temporal acuity. In a pair of experiments, subjects experienced a series of empty intervals, demarcated by stimulus pulses from one of the three modalities. One trial contained up to 5 intervals, where the first intervals were isochronous at 400 ms, and the last interval varied from 400 by ±1-80 ms. If the final interval was < 400 ms, the last pulse seemed “early”, and if the final interval was > 400 ms, the last pulse seemed “late”. In Experiment One, each trial contained four intervals, where the first three were isochronous. Subjects judged the timing of the last interval by describing the final pulse as either “early” or “late”. In Experiment Two, the number of isochronous intervals in a trial varied from one to four. Psychometric modeling revealed that vibrotactile temporal processing was less acute than auditory or bimodal temporal processing, and that auditory inputs dominated bimodal perception. Additionally, varying the number of isochronous intervals did not affect temporal sensitivity in either modality, suggesting the formation of memory traces. Overall, these results suggest that vibrotactile temporal processing is worse than auditory or bimodal temporal processing, which are similar. Also, subjects need no more than one isochronous reminder per trial for optimal performance.

Research on Current Situations for Functional Classification of Timing

2016 ◽  
pp. 222-235
Author(s):  
Zhihan Xu ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Yujie Li ◽  
Hongbin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Explicit Timing ◽  
Implicit Timing ◽  
Timing Task ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Different Time Scales

Time is a fundamental variable that must be quantified by organisms to survive. Depending on the previous functional definition, timing can be divided into explicit timing and implicit timing. For an explicit timing task, the estimation of the stimulus duration is given in the form of perceptual discrimination (perceptual timing) or a motor response (motor timing). For implicit timing, participants can subconsciously (exogenous) or consciously (endogenous) establish temporal expectation. However, the ability of humans to explicitly or implicitly direct attention in time varies with age. Moreover, specific brain mechanisms have been suggested for temporal processing of different time scales (microseconds, hundreds of milliseconds, seconds to minutes, and circadian rhythms). Furthermore, there have been numerous research studies on the neural networks involved in explicit timing during the measurement of sub-second and supra-second intervals.

Contributions of the Basal Ganglia to Temporal Processing: Evidence from Parkinson’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. G. Jones ◽  
Marjan Jahanshahi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Patient Heterogeneity ◽  
Perceptual Timing

The motor and perceptual timing deficits documented in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have heavily influenced the theory that the basal ganglia play an important role in temporal processing. This review is a systematic exploration of the findings from behavioural and neuroimaging studies of motor and perceptual timing in PD. In particular, we consider the influence of a variety of task factors and of patient heterogeneity in explaining the mixed results. We also consider the effect of basal ganglia dysfunction on the non-temporal cognitive factors that contribute to successful motor and perceptual timing. Although there is convincing evidence from PD that the basal ganglia are critical to motor and perceptual timing, further work is needed to characterize the precise contribution of this complex structure to temporal processing.

Coupled Temporal Memories in Parkinson's Disease: A Dopamine-Related Dysfunction

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chara Malapani ◽  
Brian Rakitin ◽  
R. Levy ◽  
Warren H. Meck ◽  
Bernard Deweer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Temporal Reproduction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Dopaminergic Regulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Direction Opposite

Dysfunction of the basal ganglia and the brain nuclei interconnected with them leads to disturbances of movement and cognition, including disordered timing of movement and perceptual timing deflcits. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied in temporal reproduction tasks. We examined PD patients when brain dopamine (DA) transmission was impaired (OFF state) and when DA transmission was reestablished, at the time of maximal clinical beneflt following administration of levodopa + apomorphine (ON state). Patients reproduced target times of 8 and 21 sec trained in blocked trials with the peak interval procedure, which were veridical in the ON state, comparable to normative performance by healthy young and aged controls (Experiment 1). In the OFF state, temporal reproduction was impaired in both accuracy and precision (variance). The 8-sec signal was reproduced as longer and the 21-sec signal was reproduced as shorter than they actually were (Experiment 1). This fimigrationfl effect was dependent upon training of two different durations. When PD patients were trained on 21 sec only (Experiment 2), they showed a reproduction error in the long direction, opposite to the error produced under the dual training condition of Experiment 1. The results are discussed as a mutual attraction between temporal processing systems, in memory and clock stages, when dopaminergic regulation in the striatum is dysfunctional.

scholarly journals Generalized timing impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorders across time scales and paradigms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Isaksson ◽  
Susanna Salomäki ◽  
Jarno Tuominen ◽  
Valtteri Arstila ◽  
Christine M. Falter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Duration Discrimination ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Simultaneity Judgment ◽  
Perceptual Timing ◽  
Diagnostic Symptoms

Background: Individuals with ASD have abnormal motor and perceptual functions that do not currently form diagnostic criteria of ASD, but nevertheless may affect every day behavior. Temporal processing seems to be one of such non-diagnostic yet impaired domains, although the lack of systematic studies testing different aspects of timing in the same sample of participants prevents a conclusive assessment of whether there is a generalized temporal deficit in ASD associated with diagnostic symptoms. Methods: 17 children diagnosed with ASD and 18 typically developing age- and IQ-matched developing controls carried out a set of motor and perceptual timing tasks: free tapping, simultaneity judgment, auditory duration discrimination, and verbal time estimation. Parents of participants filled in a questionnaire assessing the sense and management of time. Results: Children with ASD showed faster and more variable free tapping than controls. Auditory duration discrimination thresholds were higher in the ASD group than controls in a sub-second version of the task, while there were no group differences in a supra-second discrimination of intervals. Children with ASD showed more variable thresholds of simultaneity judgment, and they received lower parental scores for their sense and management of time. No group differences were observed in the verbal time estimation task in the minute-range. Different timing functions were correlated in the ASD group but not among controls, whilst several timing measures correlated with ASD symptoms. Conclusions: Children with ASD show a generalized temporal deficit spanning a range of temporal processing tasks including motor timing, perceptual timing, and temporal perspective.

Pspan: A New Tool for Assessing Pitch Temporal Processing and Patterning Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora J. Weaver ◽  
Jeffrey J. DiGiovanni ◽  
Dennis T. Ries
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing

Temporal processing with neural networks

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Elman
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Temporal Processing

scholarly journals Activation of VTA GABA Neurons Disrupts Reward Seeking by Altering Temporal Processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 113292
Author(s):  
Andrea K. Shields ◽  
Mauricio Suarez ◽  
Ken T. Wakabayashi ◽  
Caroline E. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Reward Seeking
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