scholarly journals Sensorimotor system engagement during ASL sign perception: An EEG study in deaf signers and hearing non-signers

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kubicek ◽  
Lorna C. Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Deaf Signers

scholarly journals Earlier and More Robust Sensorimotor Discrimination of ASL Signs in Deaf Signers During Imitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Quandt ◽  
A. S. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The One ◽  
Sign Conditions ◽  
Deaf Signers

AbstractBackground: Prior research suggests that the amount of experience an individual has with an action influences the degree to which the sensorimotor systems of their brain are involved in the subsequent perception of those actions. Less is known about how action experience and conceptual understanding impact sensorimotor involvement during imitation. We sought to explore this question by comparing a group of sign language users to a group of non-signers. We pitted the following two hypotheses against each other: 1) Deaf signers will show increased sensorimotor activity during sign imitation, and greater differentiation between sign types, due to greater prior experience and conceptual understanding of the signs; versus 2): Deaf signers will show less sensorimotor system activity and less differentiation of sign types in the sensorimotor system, because for those individuals sign imitation involves language systems of the brain more robustly than sensorimotor systems. We collected electroencephalograms (EEG) while the two groups imitated videos showing one-handed and two-handed ASL signs. Time-frequency data analysis was performed on alpha- and beta-range oscillations while they watched signs with the intent to imitate, and imitated the signs. During observation, deaf signers showed early differentiation in alpha/beta power between the one- and two-handed sign conditions, whereas hearing non-signers did not discriminate between the sign categories this way. Significant differences between groups were seen during sign imitation, wherein deaf signers showed desynchronization of alpha/beta EEG signals, and hearing non-signers showed increased power. The study suggests that in an imitative context, deaf signers engage anticipatory motor preparation in advance of action production, while hearing non-signers engage slower, more memory-related processes to help them complete with the complex task.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor characteristics of sign translations modulate EEG when deaf signers read English

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Quandt ◽  
Emily Kubicek
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Central Electrode ◽  
Action Simulation ◽  
Linguistic Content ◽  
Deaf Signers

ABSTRACTBilingual individuals automatically translate written words from one language to another. While this process is established in spoken-language bilinguals, there is less known about its occurrence in deaf bilinguals who know signed and spoken languages. Since sign language uses motion and space to convey linguistic content, it is possible that action simulation in the brain’s sensorimotor system plays a role in this process. We recorded EEG from deaf participants fluent in ASL as they read individual English words and found significant differences in alpha and beta EEG at central electrode sites during the reading of English words whose ASL translations use two hands, compared to English words whose ASL translations use one hand. Hearing non-signers did not show any differences between conditions. These results demonstrate the involvement of the sensorimotor system in cross-linguistic, cross-modal translation, and suggest that action simulation processes may be key to deaf signers’ language concepts.

State of neuromuscular transmission in vibration disease, according to electroneuromyographic test

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Sergey Babanov
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
System Development ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Occupational Disorders ◽  
Sensory Polyneuropathy

The article covers the particular features of the neuro-muscular system in vibration disease of various types and severity by electroneuromyographical tests at the Department of Occupational Disorders, Regional Center for Occupational Disorders, Samara Medical and Sanitary Unit № 5 of the Kirov Region (State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Samara Region). Changes in excitability and functional mobility of the sensorimotor system, development of vegetative-sensory polyneuropathy depending on the vibration disease type, severity, and the length of exposure to vibration at work are found in vibration disease patients.

Musical shape and feeling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leech-Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Musical Sound ◽  
Sensory Mode ◽  
Daniel Stern

The concept of shape is widely used by musicians in talking and thinking about performance, yet the mechanisms that afford links between music and shape are little understood. Work on the psychodynamics of everyday life by Daniel Stern and on embodiment by Mark Johnson suggests relationships between the multiple dynamics of musical sound and the dynamics of feeling and motion. Recent work on multisensory and precognitive sensory perception and on the role of bimodal neurons in the sensorimotor system helps to explain how shape, as a percept representing changing quantity in any sensory mode, may be invoked by dynamic processes at many stages of perception and cognition. These processes enable ‘shape’ to do flexible and useful work for musicians needing to describe the quality of musical phenomena that are fundamental to everyday musical practice and yet too complex to calculate during performance.

scholarly journals Describe, don't prescribe. The practice and politics of translanguaging in the context of deaf signers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 892-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje De Meulder ◽  
Annelies Kusters ◽  
Erin Moriarty ◽  
Joseph J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Deaf Signers

scholarly journals Sensorimotor and body perception assessments of nonspecific chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Meier ◽  
C. Emch ◽  
C. Gross-Wolf ◽  
F. Pfeiffer ◽  
A. Meichtry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, causing significant personal and social burden. Current research is focused on the processes of the central nervous system (particularly the sensorimotor system) and body perception, with a view to developing new and more efficient ways to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP). Several clinical tests have been suggested that might have the ability to detect alterations in the sensorimotor system. These include back-photo assessment (BPA), two-point discrimination (TPD), and the movement control tests (MCT). The aim of this study was to determine whether the simple clinical tests of BPA, TPD or MCT are able to discriminate between nonspecific CLBP subjects with altered body perception and healthy controls. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. At one point in time, 30 subjects with CLBP and 30 healthy controls were investigated through using BPA, TPD and MCT on the lower back. Correlations among the main covariates and odds ratios for group differences were calculated. Results MCT showed an odds ratio for the presence of CLBP of 1.92, with a statistically significant p-value (0.049) and 95%CI. The TPD and BPA tests were unable to determine significant differences between the groups. Conclusions Of the three tests investigated, MCT was found to be the only suitable assessment to discriminate between nonspecific CLBP subjects and healthy controls. The MCT can be recommended as a simple clinical tool to detect alterations in the sensorimotor system of nonspecific CLBP subjects. This could facilitate the development of tailored management strategies for this challenging LBP subgroup. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the potential of all the tests to detect alterations in the sensorimotor system of CLBP subjects. Trial registration No trial registration was needed as the study contains no intervention. The study was approved by the Swiss Ethics Commission of Northwest and Central Switzerland (EKNZ) reference number 2015–243.

Neuropsychological Studies of Linguistic and Affective Facial Expressions in Deaf Signers

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Corina ◽  
Ursula Bellugi ◽  
Judy Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Deaf Signers

scholarly journals How to change your memory of an object with a posture and a verb

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Dutriaux ◽  
Xavière Dahiez ◽  
Valérie Gyselinck
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Cognition ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Action Verb ◽  
Action Context ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
New Evidence

According to grounded cognition, the format of representation of knowledge is sensorimotor. This means that long-term memory shares processing resources with the sensorimotor system. The main objective of this work is to provide new evidence in favour of two claims from the embodied cognition framework: (1) memory is grounded on the sensorimotor system, that is, memory shares processing resources with the sensorimotor system, and (2) memory serves at least in part to support action. For this purpose, the present experiment aimed to show that the action context modulates the motor simulation and, consequently, the memory of manipulable objects. Participants were presented with short phrases comprising the name of a manipulable object, and an action verb (“To take a cup”) or an attentional verb (“To see a cup”). During this phase, they had to put their hands in front of them in the control condition, whereas they had to keep them behind their back in the interfering condition. A cued recall test followed after a short distractive letter-matching task, with the verbs serving as cues. Results showed that memory of the words denoting manipulable objects was impaired by the interfering posture when associated with an action verb, but not when associated with an attentional verb. This suggests that a context which does not favour action interferes with motor simulation and thus decreases the memory of manipulable objects. These results provide strong evidence for a grounded account of memory and language.

scholarly journals Passive sensorimotor stimulation triggers long lasting alpha-band fluctuations in visual perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Tomassini ◽  
Alessandro D’Ausilio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Movement planning and execution rely on the anticipation and online control of the incoming sensory input. Evidence suggests that sensorimotor processes may synchronize visual rhythmic activity in preparation of action performance. Indeed, we recently reported periodic fluctuations of visual contrast sensitivity that are time-locked to the onset of an intended movement of the arm. However, the origin of the observed visual modulations has so far remained unclear because of the endogenous (and thus temporally undetermined) activation of the sensorimotor system that is associated with voluntary movement initiation. In this study, we activated the sensorimotor circuitry involved in the hand control in an exogenous and controlled way by means of peripheral stimulation of the median nerve and characterized the spectrotemporal dynamics of the ensuing visual perception. The stimulation of the median nerve triggers robust and long-lasting (∼1 s) alpha-band oscillations in visual perception, whose strength is temporally modulated in a way that is consistent with the changes in alpha power described at the neurophysiological level after sensorimotor stimulation. These findings provide evidence in support of a causal role of the sensorimotor system in modulating oscillatory activity in visual areas with consequences for visual perception. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the peripheral activation of the somatomotor hand system triggers long-lasting alpha periodicity in visual perception. This demonstrates that not only the endogenous sensorimotor processes involved in movement preparation but also the passive stimulation of the sensorimotor system can synchronize visual activity. The present work suggests that oscillation-based mechanisms may subserve core (task independent) sensorimotor integration functions.

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