Spinach in the teeth: How ego- and allocentric perspectives modulate neural correlates of embarrassment in the face of others' public mishaps

AbstractThe formation and persistence of negative pain-related expectations by classical conditioning remain incompletely understood. We elucidated behavioural and neural correlates involved in the acquisition and extinction of negative expectations towards different threats across sensory modalities. In two complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in healthy humans, differential conditioning paradigms combined interoceptive visceral pain with somatic pain (study 1) and aversive tone (study 2) as exteroceptive threats. Conditioned responses to interoceptive threat predictors were enhanced in both studies, consistently involving the insula and cingulate cortex. Interoceptive threats had a greater impact on extinction efficacy, resulting in disruption of ongoing extinction (study 1), and selective resurgence of interoceptive CS-US associations after complete extinction (study 2). In the face of multiple threats, we preferentially learn, store, and remember interoceptive danger signals. As key mediators of nocebo effects, conditioned responses may be particularly relevant to clinical conditions involving disturbed interoception and chronic visceral pain.

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In the Face of Potential Harm – The Predictive Validity of Neural Correlates of Performance Monitoring for Perceived Risk, Stress, and Internalizing Psychopathology During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science ◽

10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.08.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anja Riesel ◽

Kai Härpfer ◽

Norbert Kathmann ◽

Julia Klawohn

Keyword(s):

Predictive Validity ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Performance Monitoring ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Potential Harm ◽

Internalizing Psychopathology ◽

The Face

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Neural correlates of maintaining one’s political beliefs in the face of counterevidence

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep39589 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Jonas T. Kaplan ◽

Sarah I. Gimbel ◽

Sam Harris

Keyword(s):

Neural Correlates ◽

Political Beliefs ◽

The Face

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Neural Correlates of Evidence and Urgency During Human Perceptual Decision-Making in Dynamically Changing Conditions

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhaa129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 5471-5483

Author(s):

Y Yau ◽

M Dadar ◽

M Taylor ◽

Y Zeighami ◽

L K Fellows ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Computational Models ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Primate Research ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Emotional Information ◽

Perceptual Decision ◽

The Face ◽

The Brain

Abstract Current models of decision-making assume that the brain gradually accumulates evidence and drifts toward a threshold that, once crossed, results in a choice selection. These models have been especially successful in primate research; however, transposing them to human fMRI paradigms has proved it to be challenging. Here, we exploit the face-selective visual system and test whether decoded emotional facial features from multivariate fMRI signals during a dynamic perceptual decision-making task are related to the parameters of computational models of decision-making. We show that trial-by-trial variations in the pattern of neural activity in the fusiform gyrus reflect facial emotional information and modulate drift rates during deliberation. We also observed an inverse-urgency signal based in the caudate nucleus that was independent of sensory information but appeared to slow decisions, particularly when information in the task was ambiguous. Taken together, our results characterize how decision parameters from a computational model (i.e., drift rate and urgency signal) are involved in perceptual decision-making and reflected in the activity of the human brain.

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The neural correlates of the face attractiveness aftereffect: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.092 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 363-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Genyue Fu ◽

Catherine J. Mondloch ◽

Xiao Pan Ding ◽

Lindsey A. Short ◽

Liping Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

The Face

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An Effect of Education on Memory-Encoding Activation in Subjective Cognitive Decline

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201087 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Akiko Mizuno ◽

Helmet T. Karim ◽

Maria J. Ly ◽

Ann D. Cohen ◽

Brian J. Lopresti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Self Report ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Older Individuals ◽

The Face

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early manifestation of pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease. Elevated amyloid-β (Aβ) is a correlate of SCD symptoms in some individuals. The underlying neural correlates of SCD symptoms and their association with Aβ is unknown. SCD is a heterogeneous condition, and cognitive reserve may explain individual differences in its neural correlates. Objective: We investigated the association between brain activation during memory encoding and SCD symptoms, as well as with Aβ, among older individuals. We also tested the moderating role of education (an index of cognitive reserve) on the associations. Methods: We measured brain activation during the “face-name” memory-encoding fMRI task and Aβ deposition with Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-PET among cognitively normal older individuals (n = 63, mean age 73.1 ± 7.4 years). We tested associations between activation and SCD symptoms by self-report measures, Aβ, and interactions with education. Results: Activation was not directly associated with SCD symptoms or Aβ. However, education moderated the association between activation and SCD symptoms in the executive control network, salience network, and subcortical regions. Greater SCD symptoms were associated with greater activation in those with higher education, but with lower activation in those with lower education. Conclusion: SCD symptoms were associated with different patterns of brain activation in the extended memory system depending on level of cognitive reserve. Greater SCD symptoms may represent a saturation of neural compensation in individuals with greater cognitive reserve, while it may reflect diminishing neural resources in individuals with lower cognitive reserve.

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Neural Correlates of the Left-Visual-Field Superiority in Face Perception Appear at Multiple Stages of Face Processing

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/089892903321593162 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 462-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Galit Yovel ◽

Jerre Levy ◽

Marcia Grabowecky ◽

Ken A. Paller

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Left Hemisphere ◽

Face Perception ◽

Face Processing ◽

Left Visual Field ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

N170 Component ◽

Facial Information ◽

The Face ◽

The Right

Studies in healthy individuals and split-brain patients have shown that the representation of facial information from the left visual field (LVF) is better than the representation of facial information from the right visual field (RVF). To investigate the neurophysiological basis of this LVF superiority in face perception, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to centrally presented face stimuli in which relevant facial information is present bilaterally (B faces) or only in the left (L faces) or the right (R faces) visual field. Behavioral findings showed best performance for B faces and, in line with the LVF superiority, better performance for L than R faces. Evoked potentials to B, L, and R faces at 100 to 150-msec poststimulus showed no evidence of asymmetric transfer of information between the hemispheres at early stages of visual processing, suggesting that this factor is not responsible for the LVF superiority. Neural correlates of the LVF superiority, however, were manifested in a shorter latency of the face-specific N170 component to L than R faces and in a larger amplitude to L than R faces at 220—280 and 400—600 msec over both hemispheres. These ERP amplitude differences between L and R faces covaried across subjects with the extent to which the face-specific N170 component was larger over the right than the left hemisphere. We conclude that the two hemispheres exchange information symmetrically at early stages of face processing and together generate a shared facial representation, which is better when facial information is directly presented to the right hemisphere (RH; L faces) than to the left hemisphere (LH; R faces) and best when both hemispheres receive facial information (B faces).

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Neural correlates of evidence and urgency during human perceptual decision-making in dynamically changing conditions

10.1101/847756 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. Yau ◽

M. Dadar ◽

M. Taylor ◽

Y. Zeighami ◽

L.K. Fellows ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Computational Models ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Primate Research ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Emotional Information ◽

Perceptual Decision ◽

The Face ◽

The Brain

AbstractCurrent models of decision-making assume that the brain gradually accumulates evidence and drifts towards a threshold which, once crossed, results in a choice selection. These models have been especially successful in primate research, however transposing them to human fMRI paradigms has proved challenging. Here, we exploit the face-selective visual system and test whether decoded emotional facial features from multivariate fMRI signals during a dynamic perceptual decision-making task are related to the parameters of computational models of decision-making. We show that trial-by-trial variations in the pattern of neural activity in the fusiform gyrus reflect facial emotional information and modulate drift rates during deliberation. We also observed an inverse-urgency signal based in the caudate nucleus that was independent of sensory information but appeared to slow decisions, particularly when information in the task was ambiguous. Taken together, our results characterize how decision parameters from a computational model (i.e., drift rate and urgency signal) are involved in perceptual decision-making and reflected in the activity of the human brain.

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Prediction errors indexed by the P3 track the updating of complex long-term memory schemas

10.1101/805887 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Franziska R. Richter

Keyword(s):

Neural Correlates ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

The Face ◽

Complex Knowledge ◽

The Cost ◽

Electrophysiological Correlate

AbstractMemory schemas are higher-level knowledge structures that store an abstraction of multiple previous experiences. They allow us to retain a multitude of information without the cost of storing every detail. Schemas are believed to be relatively stable, but occasionally have to be updated to remain useful in the face of changing environmental conditions. Once a schema is consolidated, schema updating has been proposed to be the result of a prediction-error (PE) based learning mechanism, similar to the updating of less complex knowledge. However, for schema memory this hypothesis has been difficult to test because no sufficiently sensitive tools to track modifications to complex memory schemas existed so far. Current research on the updating of less complex beliefs and at much shorter time scales has identified the P3 as an electrophysiological correlate of PE-induced updating of beliefs. In this study, I recorded electroencephalography and continuous memory measures during the encoding of schema consistent vs. inconsistent material to test the behavioural and neural correlates of schema updating. I observed that PEs predicted the updating of a schema after a 24-hour delay, especially when participants were faced with inconsistent compared to consistent material. Moreover, the P3 amplitude tracked both the PE at the time of learning as well as the updating of the memory schema in the inconsistent condition. These results demonstrate that schema updating in the face of inconsistent information is driven by PE-based learning, and that similar neural mechanisms underlie the updating of consolidated long-term memory schemas and short-term belief structures.

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