Functional Reconstruction of the Hand: The Stiff Joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Watt ◽  
James Chang

Skull Base ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Schön ◽  
Nils Weyer ◽  
Marc Metzger ◽  
Rainer Schmelzeisen


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100038
Author(s):  
Praveen Satish Kumar ◽  
Sthita Gurrala ◽  
Vikas Dhupar ◽  
Francis Akkara


2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Neligan ◽  
Patrick J. Gullane ◽  
Ralph W. Gilbert


2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Donken ◽  
Jacob Caron ◽  
Michiel Verhofstad


1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ren ◽  
C. F. Beards

Almost all real-life structures are assembled from components connected by various types of joints. Unlike many other parts, the dynamic properties of a joint are difficult to model analytically. An alternative approach for establishing a theoretical model of a joint is to extract the model parameters from experimental data using joint identification techniques. The accuracy of the identification is significantly affected by the properties of the joints themselves. If a joint is stiff, its properties are often difficult to identify accurately. This is because the responses at both ends of the joint are linearly-dependent. To make things worse, the existence of a stiff joint can also affect the accuracy of identification of other effective joints (the term “effective joints” in this paper refers to those joints which otherwise can be identified accurately). This problem is tackled by coupling these stiff joints using a generalized coupling technique, and then the properties of the remaining joints are identified using a joint identification technique. The accuracy of the joint identification can usually be improved by using this approach. Both numerically simulated and experimental results are presented.



1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Berger ◽  
Hans J. G. Bargmann


2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. F767-F774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Pannabecker ◽  
William H. Dantzler

Functional reconstruction of inner medullary thin limbs of Henle and collecting ducts (CDs) has enabled us to characterize distinctive three-dimensional vertical and lateral relationships between these segments. We previously reported that inner medullary descending thin limbs (DTLs) that form a bend at a distance greater than ∼1 mm below the inner medullary base express detectable aquaporin (AQP) 1 only along the initial 40% of the segment before the bend, whereas ClC-K1 is expressed continuously along all ascending thin limbs (ATLs), beginning with the prebend segment. We have now reconstructed individual CDs that are grouped together in single clusters at the base of the inner medulla; CDs belonging to each separate cluster coalesce into a single CD in the deep papilla. DTLs are positioned predominantly at the periphery of each individual CD cluster at all levels of the inner medulla and are absent from within the cluster. In contrast, ATLs are distributed near uniformly among the CDs and DTLs at all levels of the inner medulla. A second population of inner medullary DTLs averages ∼700 μm in length from base to bend and, as previously reported, expresses no detectable AQP1 and expresses ClC-K1 continuously beginning with the prebend segment. ATLs located within the interior of the CD clusters arise predominantly from these short AQP1-null inner medullary DTLs, suggesting there may be functional interdependence between IMCD1 segments and short-length inner medullary thin limbs exhibiting minimal water permeability along their descending segments. AQP1-expressing DTLs and CDs are apparently separated into two structurally distinct lateral compartments. A similar lateral compartmentation between the ATLs and CDs is not apparent. This architectural arrangement indicates that fluid and solutes may be preferentially transported transversely between multiple inner medullary compartments.



1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tideman ◽  
N. Samman ◽  
L.K. Cheung


2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffi Gurunluoglu ◽  
Mark Glasgow ◽  
Susan A. Williams ◽  
Aslin Gurunluoglu ◽  
Jarod Antrobus ◽  
...  


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