Digital transformation as an adaptation factor for personnel to realise productive capacity in a pandemic

The directions for the development of the enterprise digital environment are considered, and the ways to improve the professional competences of the enterprise staff, including the digital aspect, have been analysed. A questionnaire survey of the personnel of the Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering in 2019 and 2020 using the methodology “Assessment of personnel capability (Manageability Assessment)” revealed the problems determined by the digital transformation process. Significant components for staff have been identified, including clarity of understanding of their place in the project, appreciation of task setting, staff focus on the overall end result, and functional interpersonal interaction. In analysing levels of manageability levels, the influence on the staff labor activity the factors such as remuneration, social and living conditions in the enterprise, ergonomic conditions at the workplace, interpersonal horizontal and vertical relationships in the team, and social effectiveness of management, have been studied. The findings provide the basis for practical recommendations to Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering management on changing the enterprise organisational culture to activate the staff labor potential. This solved the problems identified, improving the efficiency of staff working remotely in a pandemic and the manageability of staff across the enterprise as a whole.

Appropriateness of standard cephalometric norms for the assessment of dentofacial characteristics in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia

Objectives: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare skeletal syndrome affecting craniofacial and dental development. As a consequence, conventional cephalometric landmarks may not be valid for CCD patients, and the appropriateness of norms used for the general population should be critically discussed. Methods: Five patients 9 to 22 year-old (three females, two males) with CCD were included. Lateral-cephalograms, orthopantomographies, and intra oral photos were retrospectively analysed. Lateral-cephalograms of fifty normal controls (ten for each CCD patient) matched for age and sex were selected from an online database. Cephalometric measurements of each CCD patients were compared with average values of matched controls using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired values (α = 0.05). Results: In CCD patients, a shortening of the cranial base was present (ΔSN = −17.1 mm, p = 0.043). Thus, the mandible (ΔSNPg =+9.5°, p = 0.043) and the maxilla (ΔSNA =+11.2°, p = 0.043) showed protrusion compared to the cranial base, despite a reduced maxillary (ΔCo-A = −15.1 mm, p = 0.043) and mandibular (ΔCo-Gn −15.2 mm, p = 0.080) length. The mandibular divergence was reduced (ΔSN/GoGn = −6.4°, p = 0.043), a negative overjet was present (ΔOverbite = −2.9 mm, p = 0.043), and the interincisal angle was increased (ΔInterincisalAngle =+13.7°, p = 0.043), mainly due to retro-inclination of lower incisors. Conclusions: Standard cephalometric norms for the assessment of horizontal jaw position may not be applicable to CCD patients because of a reduced anterior cranial base length compared to normal subjects. Vertical relationships may not be affected, and mandibular hypodivergency was confirmed.

CONFLICTS IN STUDENT GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITION BY SEX

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of conflicts in mixed and same-sex student groups. The theoretical basis of the study was the position of the structural features of interpersonal interaction in the middle of the group, including the substructure of horizontal and vertical relationships in the instrumental and expressive spheres of group activity. The study of conflict in student groups was based on the analysis of the characteristics of interpersonal relationships between group members in certain areas. To study the peculiarities of conflict in groups of different sexes, a questionnaire was developed, which provided an opportunity to determine the overall assessment of conflict, conflict in the vertical and horizontal subsystems of group activity, as well as in its instrumental and expressive areas. 188 students from 10 academic groups of the higher educational institution took part in the survey. Of these, six were sexually homogeneous and four heterogeneous. According to the results of the survey, the gender composition of student educational groups is more related to the emotional component of group activity and the horizontal substructure of intragroup relationships. These trends were confirmed using the methods of mathematical statistics (Student’s t-test). The results suggest that gender-mixed academic groups are more resistant to conflict triggers than homogeneous ones. However the composition of the group on the basis of gender can not be considered a factor that directly determines the conflict in the field of solving business problems, as well as interaction with teachers, officials of the dean’s office and student government.

Incisor- Molar Hypomineralization Phenotype Characteristics and Comparison with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: An Approach to a Differential Diagnosis

Background: Incisor-molar hypomineralization (IMH) presents various clinical characteristics that generate confusion for differential diagnosis with other enamel abnormalities such as amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Purpose: To analyze dental, facial, and skeletal characteristics in people with IMH and compare them to those with AI in order to identify diagnostic differences between these two enamel defects. Methods: Analytical observational study. Twelve 7-to-10-year-olds with IMH and 10 8-to-49-year-olds with AI were studied. IMH was assessed according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’s diagnostic criteria, Mathu Maju’s criteria (2006), and Neeti Mittal’s phenotypic classification (2016), while Witkop’s criteria (1989) were used to analyze AI. Clinical, radiographic, facial, and skeletal analyses were performed to establish IMH phenotypes, information that was fed into an Excel® database for subsequent statistical analysis (SPSS 22.0) (p<0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences were found between IMH and AI. Only patients with IA presented dilaceration, dental agenesis, and taurodontism. There are similarities regarding facial features such as facial asymmetry, increased intercanthal distance, decreased lower third, biprochelia and convex profile, and occlusal features such as molar relationship, canine relationship, and overjet. Concerning transverse relationships, micrognathism was more frequent in IMH and in vertical relationships, deep overbite was greater in IMH than in AI. Conclusions: The main differences between IMH and AI were evident in skeletal characteristics and associated dental alterations.

Adjunctive orthodontic management of a missing upper right central incisor in a 12-year-old male using a fixed orthodontic appliance

This article presents a successful orthodontic management of a 12-year-old male using a fixed orthodontic appliance (straight wire technique). His orthodontic treatment was hinged on creating enough space to accept an artificial tooth, correcting the horizontal and vertical relationships of the upper incisors to the lower and the midline shift. Ultimately, an esthetic smile was achieved; function and self-esteem were improved when the artificial tooth was finally fixed.

ETIQUETTE SILENCE

Среди разных видов молчания особое место занимает этикетное молчание. В статье рассматриваются некоторые типы социальных и индивидуальных контекстов этикетного молчания. Это поведение людей за столом во время еды, встречи с произведениями искусства, урок и лекция, торжественное мероприятие и др. Из индивидуальных контекстов этикетного молчания мы останавливаемся на молчании в обычных и доминантных диалогах. Показано, что наряду с максимами разговорного общения существуют также максимы этикетного молчания. Приводятся примеры таких максим. Подчеркивается связь молчания с другими невербальными знаками и знаковыми актами – жестами, позами, знаковыми действиями и др. Утверждается, что внутри русской культуры молчание может быть вежливым и невежливым, уместным и неуместным. Among different kinds of silence we distinguish etiquette silence and explore several types of social and individual contexts for etiquette silence. These are etiquette behavior at the table, human contacts with different kinds of art works, lessons and lectures, festive events and some others. Typical individual contexts for etiquette silence are dialogs with horizontal and vertical relationships between participants. Some maxims for silence in face to face communications are formulated. The interrelations of silence with other kinds of nonverbal signs and sign acts, gestures, postures, sign actions, etc. are regarded. It is argued that in the Russian culture, silence can be polite and impolite, relevant and irrelevant.

The Effect of Vertical Relationships on Investment Timing

Billette de Villemeur et al. [Billette de Villemeur, E., Ruble, R. and Versaevel, B. [2014] Investment timing and vertical relationships, Int. J. Industrial Organization 33, 110–123] discuss the case of a firm undertaking a project in order to serve an uncertain demand. They show that when the investor requires an outside supplier with market power to provide it with a discrete input the investment occurs too late from an industry stand point. In this paper, we extend their work assuming that the input production cost is also uncertain. We show that upstream market power results in dynamic inefficiency also in our framework. We also demonstrate how this inefficiency is affected by the correlation between the two stochastic terms.

Partial Unraveling and Strategic Contract Timing

Renegotiations and last-minute contracting are prevalent in many vertical relationships. Information transmission between firms and buyers can be imperfect as well. In this paper we present a theory to explicate how early/delayed contracting over wholesale prices, and partial unraveling of private information, can sustain each other endogenously in a channel setting with bilateral monopoly. Should the wholesale price be predetermined, the downstream manufacturer would be compelled to fully disclose all private information. By contrast, the to-be-negotiated wholesale price can be potentially affected by manufacturer disclosure or concealment. This can represent a countervailing force for equilibrium revelation to be imperfect, even when disclosure is costless. Thus partial unraveling may emerge if and only if no enforceable contract has been signed (i.e., contracting is delayed). Conversely, partial unraveling can endogenously influence ex ante preferences for contract timing. Therefore, contracting may be deliberately delayed even without learning/cost considerations. Moreover, equilibrium contract timing can be socially too early to alleviate channel distortions, and bilateral bargaining can align private and social preferences for delayed contracting. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.