Biochemical resistance mechanisms against chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 105568
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmed ◽  
Shoaib Freed
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Biochemical Resistance

Biochemical Resistance Mechanisms to Fenvalerate in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 1372-1377
Author(s):  
Zahra Sayani ◽  
Azam Mikani ◽  
Hadi Mosallanejad
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Resistance

Fenpyroximate resistance inTetranychus urticae(Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Joon Kim ◽  
Si-Hyeock Lee ◽  
Si-Woo Lee ◽  
Young-Joon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Resistance

scholarly journals Susceptibility monitoring and the molecular characterization of resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rogerio Bezerra do Nascimento ◽  
Juliana Gonzales Rodrigues ◽  
Rubens H Kanno ◽  
Fernando S.A. Amaral ◽  
Jose Bruno Malaquias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Data Points

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a serious and widespread agricultural pest with several records of resistance to different insecticides and Bt proteins, including the neurotoxic insecticides chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid). In this study, we (i) characterized and monitored the susceptibility of field populations of S. frugiperda to chlorpyrifos (194 populations) and lambda-cyhalothrin (197 populations) collected from major maize-growing regions of Brazil from 2003 to 2016, and (ii) compared gene expression levels of chlorpyrifos- and lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strains to a susceptible reference strain (Sf-ss) of S. frugiperda. Laboratory-guided assays to monitor larval susceptibility detected average survival ranging from 29.3% to 36.0% to chlorpyrifos, and 23.1% to 68.0% to lambda-cyhalothrin at diagnostic concentration, based on LC99 of the susceptible reference strain of each insecticide. The resistance ratio of the chlorpyrifos-resistant strain (Clo-rr) was 25.4-fold and of the lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strain (Lam-rr) was 217-fold. Differential gene expression analyses between resistant vs susceptible strains identified 1,098 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Clo-rr and Sf-ss, and 303 DEGs between Lam-rr and Sf-ss. Functional analyses of the DEGs revealed the up-regulation of several detoxification enzymes, mainly cytochrome P450 belonging to the CYP3 and CYP6 clans. Genes associated with regulatory processes, such as the forkhead box O (FoxO) were also up-regulated. Our data points that the resistance mechanisms of Clo-rr and Lam-rr strains of S. frugiperda to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin are mainly mediated by enzyme detoxification.

Susceptibility and possible resistance mechanisms in the palm species Phoenix dactylifera, Chamaerops humilis and Washingtonia filifera against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cangelosi ◽  
F. Clematis ◽  
P. Curir ◽  
F. Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Chamaerops Humilis ◽  
Washingtonia Filifera

AbstractRhynchophorus ferrugineus, known as the Red Palm Weevil (RPW), is reported as a pest of up to 40 palm species. However, the susceptibility degree and the defense mechanisms of these species against this weevil are still poorly known. In Europe, the RPW is a major pest of Phoenix canariensis while other palm species, including the congeneric Phoenix dactylifera, seem to be less suitable hosts for this insect. The aim of our study was to compare the defensive response of P. dactylifera, Chamaerops humilis and Washingtonia filifera against R. ferrugineus and try to define the mechanisms of resistance that characterize these species. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the mortality induced on RPW larvae by extracts from the leaf rachis of the studied palm species. Tests at semi-field scale were also conducted, based either on forced palm infestation, with larvae of RPW, or on natural infestation, with adult females. Rachis extracts from C. humilis and W. filifera caused 100% larval mortality after 2 days of exposure, while extracts of P. dactylifera did not impair larval survival. Independently of the effect of the leaf extracts, the weevils were unable to naturally infest the three palm species, although larval survival was high after forced infestation of the plants. We concluded that the observed lack of infestation of P. dactylifera by RPW is due to factors other than antibiosis. In W. filifera and C. humilis, although the presence of antixenosis mechanisms cannot be excluded, resistance to R. ferrugineus seems to rely on the presence of antibiosis compounds.

scholarly journals Indiscriminate use of agro-veterinary pesticides in plague endemic foci in Tanzania: potential risk for development of insecticide resistance in flea vectors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Rugalema ◽  
Ladslaus Mnyone
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Safety Procedures ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Agro-veterinary pesticides are increasingly associated with the development of resistance in arthropod disease vectors. However, no has been conducted so far to assess such risk in flea vectors despite the indiscriminate use of pesticides in plague endemic foci in Tanzania.Methods: We identified risk factors associated with the use of agro-veterinary pesticides, which could enhance development of resistance in flea vectors in two plague endemic districts, using structured questionnaire and direct observations.Results: Excessive and injudicious use of agricultural and veterinary pesticides was common in both Lushoto and Mbulu district. Most farmers (80%, n=73) were applying agricultural pesticides over three times per cropping season, did not adhere to manufacturers recommended doses, and had limited or no knowledge on safety procedures and adverse effects associated with pesticides. Up to 49% were applying pesticides more than twice the recommended doses. About 91% of respondents in Lushoto and 93% respondents in Mbulu reported using agricultural pesticides. The three (3) out of fourteen (14) most commonly used agricultural pesticides in Lushoto were master kinga72WP (mancozeb 640g/kg+cymoxanil 80g/kg) (44%), suracron720EC (profenos 500g/l EC) (25.3%) and Sumo 5EC (lambda-cyhalothrin) (18.7%). The three (3) out of seventeen (17) most commonly used agricultural pesticides in Mbulu were Dursban50W (Chlorpyrifos) (29%), Duduban 450EC (Cypermethrin 10g/lt+chloropyrifos 35g/lt) (18%) and Dursban+farmerzeb (Chlorpyrifos 48%, Mancozeb 80%WP). Cybadip (Cypermethrin) (≥45%) and paranex (alphacypermethrin) (≥13%) were the most commonly used livestock pesticides.Conclusion: This study identified injudicious uses and/or other malpractices, which enhance contamination of environments/surfaces with pesticides and consequently the exposure of flea vectors. Therefore, the flea vector populations in Lushoto and Mbulu districts are putatively under high risk of resistance development. Further studies are underway to confirm the insecticide resistance status, unravel distribution of the resistance, and involved resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOLA ADRES YANTI ◽  
ACHMAD ACHMAD ◽  
NURUL KHUMAIDA
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Structural Resistance ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Biochemical Resistance ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Yanti LA, Achmad, Khumaida N. 2018. Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) againstBotryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1441-1450. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. seedlings arethe most preferred plant for the nursery as they serve a lot of benefits and can be used as shading trees, reforestation, plywood, pulp,paper, and traditional medicines. Further, those benefits can increase the economic value of this plant. The main problem in the nurseryof forestry plants is pest and disease attacks, one of which is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodiatheobromae Pat. that may lead death of the host plant. Every plant has its resistance mechanism toward pathogen attacks. This researchaimed: (1) to study B. theobromae attack through wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on white jabon seedlings; (2) tostudy the resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings both structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae. This studyemployed a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The structural resistance was determined by studyingthe microscopic appearance of the white jabon seedlings’ stem by using a scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the biochemicalresistance was determined by characterizing the chemical compounds of white jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. Theresult showed that the disease incidence of the control (inoculated without pathogen isolate) and the inoculated (inoculated withpathogen isolate) seedlings were, respectively, 0% and 100% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 30% (non-wounded). The diseaseseverity of control and inoculated seedlings were 0% and 62% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 12% (non-wounded stem),respectively. The incubation period of wounded and non-wounded stems on inoculated seedlings (inoculated with pathogen isolate) wasone day after inoculation with the numeric values (disease scores) of 4 and 2, respectively. White jabon seedlings had necrotic resistanceas structural resistance mechanism against the pathogen attack. White jabon seedlings also contained secondary metabolites such asalkaloids, flavonoid, phenyl hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, and steroids. The biochemical resistance of white jabon seedling afterpathogen attacks was shown by the increase of accumulated phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and tannin.

Resistance mechanisms ofPrunusrootstocks to root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita

Fruits ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Ye ◽  
Wen-jun Wang ◽  
Guo-jie Liu ◽  
Li-xin Zhu ◽  
Ke-gong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Root Knot Nematode
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