Viral hemorrhagic fever: Molecular pathogenesis and current trends of disease management-an update

Dengue infection, an arthropod-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, continues to be a major challenge to public health, especially in South-East Asia. It has a wide geographical distribution and can present with a diverse clinical spectrum. The liver dysfunction could be a direct viral effect or an adverse consequence of dysregulated host immune response against the virus. Hepatic involvement can be characterized by manifestations of acute hepatitis, with pain in the right hypochondrium, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and raised aminotransferase levels. Several outbreaks of dengue infection have been reported from India. However, large clinical studies documenting hepatic involvement in dengue infection, especially in adults, are scarce.

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Outbreak investigation and intervention measures following viral hemorrhagic fever in rural Kutch (Gujarat)

International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences ◽

10.4103/2278-344x.120588 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KishorM Dhaduk ◽

KapiilM Gandha ◽

NareshR Makwana ◽

DipeshV Parmar ◽

SumitV Unadkat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Outbreak Investigation ◽

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Intervention Measures

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Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines7040125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 125 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mendoza ◽

Ebihara ◽

Yamaoka

Keyword(s):

Immune Modulation ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

New Class ◽

Viral Immune Evasion ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Significant Disease ◽

Severe Fever

In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics.

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Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Attack

Ciottone's Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1016/b978-0-323-28665-7.00142-4 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 754-756

Author(s):

Valarie Schwind

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Fever Attack

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Implementation of the Canadian Contingency Plan for a Case of Suspected Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/502202 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 280-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mark Loeb ◽

Douglas MacPherson ◽

Michele Barton ◽

Jan Olde

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Internal Communication ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

Contingency Plan ◽

Close Contacts

AbstractObjective:To describe the implementation of the Canadian contingency plan for viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) in response to a suspected case.Setting:A 300-bed, tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospital.Participants:A 32-year-old Congolese woman admitted to the hospital with suspected VHF in February 2001. Contact evaluation included hospital healthcare workers and laboratory staff.Intervention:Enhanced isolation precautions were implemented in the patient care setting to prevent nosocomial transmission. Contact tracing and evaluation of close and high-risk contacts with symptoms was conducted. Laboratory precautions included barrier precautions and diversion of specimens. Communication occurred to both hospital employees and the media.Results:Three high-risk contacts, 13 close contacts, and 60 casual contacts were identified. Two close contacts became symptomatic and required evaluation. Challenging process issues included tracing of laboratory specimens, decontamination of laboratory equipment, and internal and external communication. After 5 days, a transmissible VHF of public health consequence was ruled out in the index case.Conclusion:Contingency plans for VHF can be implemented in an efficient and feasible manner. Contact tracing, laboratory issues, internal communication, and media interest can be anticipated to be the key challenges.

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