scholarly journals Uniparental inheritance of organelle genes

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. R692-R695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. William Birky
Keyword(s):  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Organelle Genes

The inheritance of organelle genes and genomes: patterns and mechanisms

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Recent Observation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Organelle Inheritance ◽  
Inheritance Patterns ◽  
Paternal Leakage ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Organelle Genes

Unlike nuclear genes and genomes, the inheritance of organelle genes and genomes does not follow Mendel's laws. In this mini-review, I summarize recent research progress on the patterns and mechanisms of the inheritance of organelle genes and genomes. While most sexual eukaryotes show uniparental inheritance of organelle genes and genomes in some progeny at least part of the time, increasing evidence indicates that strictly uniparental inheritance is rare and that organelle inheritance patterns are very diverse and complex. In contrast with the predominance of uniparental inheritance in multicellular organisms, organelle genes in eukaryotic microorganisms, such as protists, algae, and fungi, typically show a greater diversity of inheritance patterns, with sex-determining loci playing significant roles. The diverse patterns of inheritance are matched by the rich variety of potential mechanisms. Indeed, many factors, both deterministic and stochastic, can influence observed patterns of organelle inheritance. Interestingly, in multicellular organisms, progeny from interspecific crosses seem to exhibit more frequent paternal leakage and biparental organelle genome inheritance than those from intraspecific crosses. The recent observation of a sex-determining gene in the basidiomycete yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, which controls mitochondrial DNA inheritance, has opened up potentially exciting research opportunities for identifying specific molecular genetic pathways that control organelle inheritance, as well as for testing evolutionary hypotheses regarding the prevalence of uniparental inheritance of organelle genes and genomes.Key words: isogamy, anisogamy, paternal leakage, mating type, quantitative organelle inheritance.

scholarly journals Differential Segregation Patterns of Sperm Mitochondria in Embryos of the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-894
Author(s):  
Liqin Cao ◽  
Ellen Kenchington ◽  
Eleftherios Zouros
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Male Gonad ◽  
Doubly Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Mitotracker Green

Abstract In Mytilus, females carry predominantly maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) but males carry maternal mtDNA in their somatic tissues and paternal mtDNA in their gonads. This phenomenon, known as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mtDNA, presents a major departure from the uniparental transmission of organelle genomes. Eggs of Mytilus edulis from females that produce exclusively daughters and from females that produce mostly sons were fertilized with sperm stained with MitoTracker Green FM, allowing observation of sperm mitochondria in the embryo by epifluorescent and confocal microscopy. In embryos from females that produce only daughters, sperm mitochondria are randomly dispersed among blastomeres. In embryos from females that produce mostly sons, sperm mitochondria tend to aggregate and end up in one blastomere in the two- and four-cell stages. We postulate that the aggregate eventually ends up in the first germ cells, thus accounting for the presence of paternal mtDNA in the male gonad. This is the first evidence for different behaviors of sperm mitochondria in developing embryos that may explain the tight linkage between gender and inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA in species with DUI.

scholarly journals THE SEARCH FOR MATING-TYPE-LIMITED GENES IN THE HOMOTHALLIC ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS MONOICA

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-619
Author(s):  
Karen P VanWinkle-Swift ◽  
Jang-Hee Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Heterothallic Species ◽  
Chlamydomonas Monoica

ABSTRACT The non-Mendelian erythromycin resistance mutation ery-u1 shows bidirectional uniparental inheritance in crosses between homothallic ery-u1 and ery-u1  + strains of Chlamydomonas monoica. This inheritance pattern supports a general model for homothallism invoking intrastrain differentiation into opposite compatible mating types and, further, suggests that non-Mendelian inheritance is under mating-type (mt) control in C. monoica as in heterothallic species. However, the identification of genes expressed or required by one gametic cell type, but not the other, is essential to verify the existence of a regulatory mating-type locus in C. monoica and to understand its role in cell differentiation and sexual development. By screening for a shift from bidirectional to unidirectional transmission of the non-Mendelian ery-u1 marker, a mutant with an apparent mating-type-limited sexual cycle defect was obtained. The responsible mutation, mtl-1, causes a 1000-fold reduction in zygospore germination in populations homozygous for the mutant allele and, approximately, a 50% reduction in germination for heterozygous (mtl-1/mtl-1  +) zygospores. By next screening for strains unable to yield any viable zygospores in a cross to mtl-1, a second putative mating-type-limited mutant, mtl-2, was obtained. The mtl-2 strain, although self-sterile, mates efficiently with mtl-2  + strains and shows a unidirectional uniparental pattern of inheritance for the ery-u1 cytoplasmic marker, similar to that observed for crosses involving mtl-1. Genetic analysis indicates that mtl-1 and mtl-2 define unique unlinked Mendelian loci and that the sexual cycle defects of reduced germination (mtl-1) or self-sterility (mtl-2) cosegregate with the effect on ery-u1 cytoplasmic gene transmission. By analogy to C. reinhardtii, the mtl-1 and mtl-2 phenotypes can be explained if the expression of these gene loci is limited to the mt  + gametic cell type, or if the wild-type alleles at these loci are required for the normal formation and/or functioning of mt  + gametes only.

scholarly journals OGDA: a comprehensive organelle genome database for algae

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yutong Cui ◽  
Xuli Jia ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ruoran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Organelle Genome ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Algae are the oldest taxa on Earth, with an evolutionary relationship that spans prokaryotes (Cyanobacteria) and eukaryotes. A long evolutionary history has led to high algal diversity. Their organelle DNAs are characterized by uniparental inheritance and a compact genome structure compared with nuclear genomes; thus, they are efficient molecular tools for the analysis of gene structure, genome structure, organelle function and evolution. However, an integrated organelle genome database for algae, which could enable users to both examine and use relevant data, has not previously been developed. Therefore, to provide an organelle genome platform for algae, we have developed a user-friendly database named Organelle Genome Database for Algae (OGDA, http://ogda.ytu.edu.cn/). OGDA contains organelle genome data either retrieved from several public databases or sequenced in our laboratory (Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organism [MOGBL]), which are continuously updated. The first release of OGDA contains 1055 plastid genomes and 755 mitochondrial genomes. Additionally, a variety of applications have been integrated into this platform to analyze the structural characteristics, collinearity and phylogeny of organellar genomes for algae. This database represents a useful tool for users, enabling the rapid retrieval and analysis of information related to organellar genomes for biological discovery.

Visualization of uniparental inheritance, Mendelian inconsistencies, deletions, and parent of origin effects in single nucleotide polymorphism trio data with SNPtrio

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Ting ◽  
Elisha D.O. Roberson ◽  
Nathaniel D. Miller ◽  
Alana Lysholm-Bernacchi ◽  
Dietrich A. Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects

A proposed method for analyzing molecular signatures to detect hermaphroditism in freshwater mussels: a case study using the Eastern Floater (Pyganodon cataracta)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Stewart ◽  
Chloe M. Stephenson ◽  
Ljiljana M. Stanton ◽  
Emily E. Chase ◽  
Brent M. Robicheau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Doubly Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Mt Genome ◽  
Primary Nucleotide Sequence

Many freshwater mussels (Order Unionida) have an unusual system of doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondrial (mt) DNA. In species with DUI, males possess a female-transmitted (F-type) mt genome and a male-transmitted (M-type) mt genome. These genomes contain non-canonical open reading frame (orf) genes referred to as f-orf and m-orf, present in F and M mt genomes, respectively. These genes have been implicated in sexual development in Unionida. When gonochoric species become hermaphroditic, which has happened several times in Unionida, they lose their M-type mt genome, and f-orf genes evolve dramatically. Resulting F-ORF proteins are highly divergent in terms of primary nucleotide sequence, inferred amino acids, and hydrophobic properties; these genes (and proteins) are referred to as hermaphroditic orfs or h-orfs (and H-ORFs). We investigated patterns of hydrophobicity divergence for H-ORF proteins in hermaphrodites versus F-ORF proteins in closely related gonochoric species against cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) divergences. This approach was used to assess whether cryptic hermaphrodites can be detected. Although we did not detect evidence for the recent transition of any populations of Eastern Floaters, Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817) to hermaphroditism, our analyses demonstrate that molecular signatures in mtDNA can be used to detect hermaphroditism in freshwater mussels.

Comparison of Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Populations of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2074-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Ward ◽  
Neil Billington ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mtdna Variation ◽  
Mtdna Haplotypes ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Organelle Genes

Twelve populations of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from the Great Lakes and three populations from northern Manitoba were screened for allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Nine enzyme loci known to show genetic variation were screened in all fish: five of them (Prot-4, Prot-2, Mdh-3, Idh-1, Adh) showed appreciable polymorphism. MtDNA was examined in all fish using six endonucleases that detected polymorphic sites and a further 13 endonucleases that detected only monomorphic sites. Only one of the allozyme loci (Prot-4) showed evidence of geographic patterning of allele frequencies. By contrast, the mtDNA haplotypes showed clear geographic variation. The proportion of total genetic diversity attributable to population differentiation (Gst) was three to five times greater for mtDNA than for the allozymes. Gst values for organelle genes are expected on theoretical grounds to be greater than for nuclear genes, and this expected difference may be enhanced in walleye because of the likelihood that, in this species, male-mediated gene flow exceeds that of females. The distributions of mtDNA haplotypes and estimated divergence times are consistent with the derivation of extant walleye populations from three different glacial refugia.

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