Comparison of Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Populations of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum

Twelve populations of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from the Great Lakes and three populations from northern Manitoba were screened for allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Nine enzyme loci known to show genetic variation were screened in all fish: five of them (Prot-4, Prot-2, Mdh-3, Idh-1, Adh) showed appreciable polymorphism. MtDNA was examined in all fish using six endonucleases that detected polymorphic sites and a further 13 endonucleases that detected only monomorphic sites. Only one of the allozyme loci (Prot-4) showed evidence of geographic patterning of allele frequencies. By contrast, the mtDNA haplotypes showed clear geographic variation. The proportion of total genetic diversity attributable to population differentiation (Gst) was three to five times greater for mtDNA than for the allozymes. Gst values for organelle genes are expected on theoretical grounds to be greater than for nuclear genes, and this expected difference may be enhanced in walleye because of the likelihood that, in this species, male-mediated gene flow exceeds that of females. The distributions of mtDNA haplotypes and estimated divergence times are consistent with the derivation of extant walleye populations from three different glacial refugia.

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Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Three Species of Stizostedion (Percidae): Phylogenetic and Zoogeographical Implications

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f90-126 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 1093-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Neil Billington ◽

Paul D. N. Hebert ◽

Robert D. Ward

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

North America ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

North American Species ◽

Divergence Times ◽

Before Present ◽

Allozyme Data ◽

Dna Variation ◽

The North

The percid genus Stizostedion consists of five species, three in Europe and two in North America, and is believed to have evolved in Europe and then later colonized North America. Three hypotheses exist concerning the route and timing of this colonization: a Miocene Atlantic "riverine" route; a Pliocene Beringian route; and a late-Pleistocene Atlantic route. To test these hypotheses, allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation were compared in three Stizostedion species, S. canadense and S. vitreum from North America, and S. lucioperca from Europe, to determine their genetic relatedness. Divergence times between S. canadense and S. vitreum were estimated as 3.12 ± 1.33 million years before present (MYBP) from allozyme data and 4.06 ± 0.73 MYBP for mtDNA data, while divergence times between the North American species and S. lucioperca were 10.59 ± 2.74 MYBP and 7.86 ± 1.18 MYBP, respectively. These results are concordant with the hypothesis that colonization of North America by Stizostedion occurred during the Pliocene via Beringia.

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Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Great Lakes Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) Populations

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-078 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 643-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Neil Billington ◽

Paul D. N. Hebert

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Reproductive Success ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Stizostedion Vitreum ◽

Great Lakes Basin ◽

The West ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Sequence Recognition ◽

Last Glaciation

Mitochondrial DNA variation was examined in 141 walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from 10 populations in the Great Lakes basin. Twenty-two hexanucleotide sequence recognition endonucleases were used, of which six (Ava I, Bst EII, Cla I, Dra I, Nco I, and Sca I) revealed polymorphisms between fish. Nine mitochondrial clones were resolved which fell into two major groups that differed in their Nco I and Sca I fragment patterns. The "A" group predominates in the eastern Great Lakes, while the "B" group predominates in the west. The geographical distribution of these two groups suggests that Great Lakes walleye persisted in at least two refugia during the last glaciation. The study revealed several rare mitochondrial genotypes which may prove useful in creating genetically marked brood stocks. Since mtDNA is maternally inherited, such markers would provide information on both the survival and long-term reproductive success of stocked fish.

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Mitochondrial DNA evidence of distinct glacial refugia for brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in the Great Lakes

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f97-053 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 1450-1460 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M H Murdoch ◽

P DN Hebert

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

Glacial Refugia ◽

Brown Bullhead ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽

Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Variation

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to survey the mitochondrial genome of Ameiurus nebulosus for nucleotide sequence variation. Two hundred and forty-nine individuals were analyzed from 12 populations across the Great Lakes drainage and 3 populations in possible refugial drainages. Fifteen restriction endonucleases revealed 50 distinct haplotypes among these fish. Two major phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, were revealed with an average 3.22% sequence divergence. Both assemblages were themselves fragmented into two groups. Strong geographic patterning was observed in the frequency of assemblages and groups across the sampling area: assemblage A was predominant in fish from populations east of Lake Erie, while western populations were dominated by assemblage B. The distribution and phylogenetic divergence of mitochondrial haplotypes indicate that brown bullhead in the Great Lakes originated from two Pleistocene refugia and further provides genetic evidence of subdivision within these refugia. Pleistocene glaciations appear to have had a similar influence on the geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA lineages of other North American fishes. In contrast with these other species, however, much of the mitochondrial DNA variation and divergence was retained in brown bullhead populations living south of the ice sheets and is represented in extant populations.

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Phylogenetic Relationships among Palearctic and Nearctic Whitefish (Coregonus sp.) Populations as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Variation

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f94-310 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 51 (S1) ◽

pp. 240-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Louis Bernatchez ◽

Julian J. Dodson

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

North America ◽

Alpine Lakes ◽

Secondary Contact ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Mtdna Variation ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Secondary Intergradation ◽

Geographic Separation

We recently documented the existence of two highly distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogenetic groups of Coregonus sp. in Beringia in the absence of geographic separation. To test whether this resulted from secondary intergradation of two groups that evolved in allopatry in Eurasia and Beringia, mtDNA restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms of 210 whitefish representing 22 populations from Europe and Siberia were compared with mtDNA variation observed among 581 fish from North America. Results confirmed that Beringia represents a zone of secondary contact among endemic whitefish and a group of Eurasian origin. All Beringian populations clustered much more closely to Eurasian populations than other North American ones. We also compared mtDNA variation among Palearctic populations with that observed in North America. European populations clustered into two major mtDNA groups that exhibited a strong geographic pattern of distribution, independent of the morphological variation observed among populations: one dominated all the more northern populations and extended to Alaska–Yukon; the second largely dominated samples from central alpine lakes, and was absent from Beringia. These results suggest that central alpine lakes and northern Europe were postglacially recolonized by two genetically distinct white-fish groups that most likely evolved in allopatry followed by limited intergradation.

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Chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variation in four laboratory populations of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z93-007 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 42-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mark D. Engstrom ◽

Allan J. Baker ◽

Judith L. Eger ◽

Rudy Boonstra ◽

Ronald J. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Sex Chromosome ◽

Glacial Refugia ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Allopatric Divergence ◽

Laboratory Populations ◽

Robertsonian Rearrangements

Genetic differentiation among populations and speciation in Dicrostonyx is hypothesized to have resulted from either allopatric divergence in glacial refugia during the Wisconsin or sympatric processes uncorrelated with refugial isolation. We examined chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variation in four laboratory colonies, representing three species, in a preliminary evaluation of these hypotheses. Chromosomal variation is extensive among populations, diploid numbers ranging from 38 to 50. Autosomal variation appears to be due primarily to Robertsonian rearrangements and additions of supernumerary chromosomes, and is geographically unpatterned. Sex chromosome morphology is geographically structured and correlated with proposed southern and northern refugia. Restriction fragment analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed two ancient, divergent genotypic assemblages, corresponding to geographic distributions of sex chromosomes. Autosomal variation, and any resulting reproductive isolation, probably is recent and uncorrelated with refugial history, whereas divergence of sex chromosomes and disparate mitochondrial assemblages likely predate the Wisconsin.

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Evidence of Introgressive Hybridization in the Genus Stizostedion: Interspecific Transfer of Mitochondrial DNA between Sauger and Walleye

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-237 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 2035-2041 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Neil Billington ◽

Paul D. N. Hebert ◽

Robert D. Ward

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Introgressive Hybridization ◽

Stizostedion Vitreum ◽

Stizostedion Canadense ◽

Lake Simcoe ◽

Allozyme Loci ◽

Interspecific Transfer

The mitochondrial genotypes of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and sauger (Stizostedion canadense) are readily differentiated, permitting an analysis of the incidence of hybridization between the taxa. We provide evidence that introgression of sauger into walleye has occurred: two female walleye collected from Lake Simcoe contained a mitochondrial genome identical to that of sauger. Not only were these two fish morphologically indistinguishable from typical walleye, they were homozygous for the diagnostic alleles characteristic of walleye at the Mdh-3 and Pgm-1 allozyme loci. Sauger have not been recorded in Lake Simcoe, but a few individuals may have been inadvertently introduced during stocking programs and introgressed with walleye due to a lack of conspecific mates.

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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA (MTDNA) VARIATION OF SULAWESI BLACK MACAQUE (Macaca nigra) LIVED IN TWO NATIONAL PARKS (TANGKOKO AND DUA SAUDARA) OF NORTH SULAWESI

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.17.1.20115 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 21-23

Author(s):

Hapry F.N. Lapian

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

National Parks ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Mtdna Variation ◽

Macaca Nigra

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Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Peruvian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations Using the tRNAleu-cox2 Intergenic Region

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12070641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 641

Author(s):

Julio Chávez-Galarza ◽

Ruth López-Montañez ◽

Alejandra Jiménez ◽

Rubén Ferro-Mauricio ◽

Juan Oré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Intergenic Region ◽

Current Status ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Africanized Honey Bee ◽

Dna Variations ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Bee Colonies

Mitochondrial DNA variations of Peruvian honey bee populations were surveyed by using the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region. Only two studies have characterized these populations, indicating the presence of Africanized honey bee colonies in different regions of Peru and varied levels of Africanization, but the current status of its genetic diversity is unknown. A total of 512 honey bee colonies were sampled from three regions to characterize them. Our results revealed the presence of European and African haplotypes: the African haplotypes identified belong to sub-lineage AI (13) and sub-lineage AIII (03), and the European haplotypes to lineages C (06) and M (02). Of 24 haplotypes identified, 15 new sequences are reported here (11 sub-lineage AI, 2 sub-lineage AIII, and 2 lineage M). Peruvian honey bee populations presented a higher proportion from African than European haplotypes. High proportions of African haplotype were reported for Piura and Junín, unlike Lima, which showed more European haplotypes from lineage C. Few colonies belonging to lineage M would represent accidental purchase or traces of the introduction into Peru in the 19th century.

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