scholarly journals Motor Control: Three-Dimensional Metric of Head Movements in the Mouse Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. R660-R662
Author(s):  
Arseny Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Movements

scholarly journals Comparative three-dimensional connectome map of motor cortical projections in the mouse brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minju Jeong ◽  
Yongsoo Kim ◽  
Jeongjin Kim ◽  
Daniel D. Ferrante ◽  
Partha P. Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cortical Projections ◽  
Motor Cortical

Three-Dimensional Model of the Human Eye-Head Saccadic System

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Tweed
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Gaze Shifts ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Saccadic System ◽  
Listing's Law ◽  
Listing’S Law

Tweed, Douglas. Three-dimensional model of the human eye-head saccadic system. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 654–666, 1997. Current theories of eye-head gaze shifts deal only with one-dimensional motion, and do not touch on three-dimensional (3-D) issues such as curvature and Donders' laws. I show that recent 3-D data can be explained by a model based on ideas that are well established from one-dimensional studies, with just one new assumption: that the eye is driven toward a 3-D orientation in space that has been chosen so that Listing's law of the eye in head will hold when the eye-head movement is complete. As in previous, one-dimensional models, the eye and head are feedback-guided and the commands specifying desired eye position eye pass through a neural “saturation” so as to stay within the effective oculomotor range. The model correctly predicts the complex, 3-D trajectories of the head, eye in space, and eye in head in a variety of saccade tasks. And when it moves repeatedly to the same target, varying the contributions of eye and head, the model lands in different eye-in-space positions, but these positions differ only in their cyclotorsion about the line of sight, so they all point that line at the target—a behavior also seen in real eye-head saccades. Between movements the model obeys Listing's law of the eye in head and Donders' law of the head on torso, but during certain gaze shifts involving large torsional head movements, it shows marked, 8° deviations from Listing's law. These deviations are the most important untested predictions of the theory. Their experimental refutation would sink the model, whereas confirmation would strongly support its central claim that the eye moves toward a 3-D position in space chosen to obey Listing's law and, therefore, that a Listing operator exists upstream from the eye pulse generator.

Three-dimensional visuo-motor control of saccades

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard J. M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Listing's Law ◽  
Saccade Onset ◽  
Listing’S Law

Although the motion of the line of sight is a straightforward consequence of a particular rotation of the eye, it is much trickier to predict the rotation underlying a particular motion of the line of sight in accordance with Listing's law. Helmholtz's notion of the direction-circle together with the notion of primary and secondary reference directions in visual space provide an elegant solution to this reverse engineering problem, which the brain is faced with whenever generating a saccade. To test whether these notions indeed apply for saccades, we analyzed three-dimensional eye movements recorded in four rhesus monkeys. We found that on average saccade trajectories closely matched with the associated direction-circles. Torsional, vertical, and horizontal eye position of saccades scattered around the position predicted by the associated direction-circles with standard deviations of 0.5°, 0.3°, and 0.4°, respectively. Comparison of saccade trajectories with the likewise predicted fixed-axis rotations yielded mean coefficients of determinations (±SD) of 0.72 (±0.26) for torsion, 0.97 (±0.10) for vertical, and 0.96 (±0.11) for horizontal eye position. Reverse engineering of three-dimensional saccadic rotations based on visual information suggests that motor control of saccades, compatible with Listing's law, not only uses information on the fixation directions at saccade onset and offset but also relies on the computation of secondary reference positions that vary from saccade to saccade.

Three-dimensional inversion recovery manganese-enhanced MRI of mouse brain using super-resolution reconstruction to visualize nuclei involved in higher brain function

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana S. Poole ◽  
Esben Plenge ◽  
Dirk H. J. Poot ◽  
Egbert A. J. F. Lakke ◽  
Wiro J. Niessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Enhanced Mri ◽  
Manganese Enhanced Mri

scholarly journals Rules to fly by: pigeons navigating horizontal obstacles limit steering by selecting gaps most aligned to their flight direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20160093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo G. Ros ◽  
Partha S. Bhagavatula ◽  
Huai-Ti Lin ◽  
Andrew A. Biewener
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Flight Mechanics ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Flight Direction ◽  
Wing Stroke

Flying animals must successfully contend with obstacles in their natural environments. Inspired by the robust manoeuvring abilities of flying animals, unmanned aerial systems are being developed and tested to improve flight control through cluttered environments. We previously examined steering strategies that pigeons adopt to fly through an array of vertical obstacles (VOs). Modelling VO flight guidance revealed that pigeons steer towards larger visual gaps when making fast steering decisions. In the present experiments, we recorded three-dimensional flight kinematics of pigeons as they flew through randomized arrays of horizontal obstacles (HOs). We found that pigeons still decelerated upon approach but flew faster through a denser array of HOs compared with the VO array previously tested. Pigeons exhibited limited steering and chose gaps between obstacles most aligned to their immediate flight direction, in contrast to VO navigation that favoured widest gap steering. In addition, pigeons navigated past the HOs with more variable and decreased wing stroke span and adjusted their wing stroke plane to reduce contact with the obstacles. Variability in wing extension, stroke plane and wing stroke path was greater during HO flight. Pigeons also exhibited pronounced head movements when negotiating HOs, which potentially serve a visual function. These head-bobbing-like movements were most pronounced in the horizontal (flight direction) and vertical directions, consistent with engaging motion vision mechanisms for obstacle detection. These results show that pigeons exhibit a keen kinesthetic sense of their body and wings in relation to obstacles. Together with aerodynamic flapping flight mechanics that favours vertical manoeuvring, pigeons are able to navigate HOs using simple rules, with remarkable success.

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