Natural environment statistics in the upper and lower visual field are reflected in mouse retinal specializations

Using different types of stimuli, such as pictures, horizontally written Japanese words, and vertically written Japanese words, this study investigated the spatial patterns of the sense of familiarity within the visual field. The perceptual asymmetry theory predicted that stimuli in the lower visual field would be processed more fluently and would therefore be perceived as more familiar. The working memory theory, originally proposed in space–number research, envisaged type-specific spatial patterns for different stimuli. Participants made old/new recognition memory judgements for stimuli, presented at random positions, while their eye movements were recorded. The observed spatial patterns changed according to the stimulus type (e.g., “more left = older” for horizontally written words and “upper = older” for vertically written words), and this flexibility is encapsulated by the working memory theory as follows: (a) stimulus-type-specific spatial configurations are encoded in long-term memory on the basis of one’s experience (e.g., vertically written words are empirically associated with the “upper = older” spatial configuration), (b) the presentation of a stimulus automatically cues the temporal activation of the associated spatial configuration in working memory, and (c) the referential process between the stimulus and configuration unconsciously affects the viewer’s sense of familiarity.

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Equal Degrees of Object Selectivity for Upper and Lower Visual Field Stimuli

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00462.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 2075-2081 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lars Strother ◽

Adrian Aldcroft ◽

Cheryl Lavell ◽

Tutis Vilis

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Recognition System ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Lower Visual Field ◽

Blood Oxygen Level ◽

Visual Areas ◽

Bold Responses ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

Lateral Occipital Cortex

Functional MRI (fMRI) studies of the human object recognition system commonly identify object-selective cortical regions by comparing blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) responses to objects versus those to scrambled objects. Object selectivity distinguishes human lateral occipital cortex (LO) from earlier visual areas. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to being object selective, LO is retinotopically organized; LO represents both object and location information. Although LO responses to objects have been shown to depend on location, it is not known whether responses to scrambled objects vary similarly. This is important because it would suggest that the degree of object selectivity in LO does not vary with retinal stimulus position. We used a conventional functional localizer to identify human visual area LO by comparing BOLD responses to objects versus scrambled objects presented to either the upper (UVF) or lower (LVF) visual field. In agreement with recent findings, we found evidence of position-dependent responses to objects. However, we observed the same degree of position dependence for scrambled objects and thus object selectivity did not differ for UVF and LVF stimuli. We conclude that, in terms of BOLD response, LO discriminates objects from non-objects equally well in either visual field location, despite stronger responses to objects in the LVF.

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First order connections of the visual sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

Visual Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/s0952523807070770 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 857-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

THOMAS FITZGIBBON ◽

BRETT A. SZMAJDA ◽

PAUL R. MARTIN

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Higher Order ◽

Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽

Thalamic Reticular Nucleus ◽

Reticular Nucleus ◽

Lower Visual Field ◽

First Order ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Visual Areas

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) supplies an important inhibitory input to the dorsal thalamus. Previous studies in non-primate mammals have suggested that the visual sector of the TRN has a lateral division, which has connections with first-order (primary) sensory thalamic and cortical areas, and a medial division, which has connections with higher-order (association) thalamic and cortical areas. However, the question whether the primate TRN is segregated in the same manner is controversial. Here, we investigated the connections of the TRN in a New World primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The topography of labeled cells and terminals was analyzed following iontophoretic injections of tracers into the primary visual cortex (V1) or the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd). The results show that rostroventral TRN, adjacent to the LGNd, is primarily connected with primary visual areas, while the most caudal parts of the TRN are associated with higher order visual thalamic areas. A small region of the TRN near the caudal pole of the LGNd (foveal representation) contains connections where first (lateral TRN) and higher order visual areas (medial TRN) overlap. Reciprocal connections between LGNd and TRN are topographically organized, so that a series of rostrocaudal injections within the LGNd labeled cells and terminals in the TRN in a pattern shaped like rostrocaudal overlapping “fish scales.” We propose that the dorsal areas of the TRN, adjacent to the top of the LGNd, represent the lower visual field (connected with medial LGNd), and the more ventral parts of the TRN contain a map representing the upper visual field (connected with lateral LGNd).

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fMRI reveals a lower visual field preference in dorsal visual stream regions during hand actions

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/11.11.952 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 952-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Rossit ◽

T. McAdam ◽

A. Mclean ◽

M. Goodale ◽

J. Culham

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Lower Visual Field ◽

Visual Stream ◽

Dorsal Visual Stream

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Left-right and upper-lower light sensitivity asymmetry in visual field defects caused by pituitary adenoma: a retrospective observational study

10.21203/rs.2.9467/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yumi Kotoda ◽

Masakazu Kotoda ◽

Masakazu Ogiwara ◽

Hiroyuki Kinouchi ◽

Hiroyuki Iijima

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Visual Field ◽

Light Sensitivity ◽

Visual Field Defects ◽

Lower Visual Field ◽

Lower Quadrant ◽

Lower Light ◽

Left And Right ◽

Left Right Asymmetry ◽

Field Defects

Abstract Background While bitemporal visual field defects are characteristic in pituitary adenoma cases, it is rare to have complete bitemporal hemianopsia that is symmetrical in both eyes and has absolute scotoma throughout both temporal hemifields. Although several researches have investigated asymmetric visual field defects in patients with pituitary adenoma, no precise investigation with statistical analysis regarding the inter-eye and intra-eye symmetry of visual field defects has yet been reported. In this study, we conducted quantitative analysis to explore the asymmetric properties of visual field defects in pituitary adenoma patients. Methods Preoperative Humphrey 30-2 perimetry results were reviewed retrospectively using the charts of 28 pituitary adenoma patients who underwent surgery. Inter-eye light sensitivity comparisons of the temporal and nasal hemifields between the left and right eyes were conducted in each patient to study left-right asymmetry. Upper-lower asymmetry was investigated by comparing the frequency of severe scotoma (light sensitivity 5 dB or less) in the upper and lower visual field quadrants in the temporal and nasal hemifields. Results Left-right asymmetry was demonstrated in 61% of cases in the temporal hemifield and in 57% of cases in the nasal hemifield. Severe scotoma test points were investigated in the worse eye of each patient and were more frequent in the superotemporal quadrant of the visual field compared with the inferotemporal quadrant (P = 0.00029) and in the inferonasal quadrant compared to the superonasal quadrant (P = 0.00268). Conclusions Asymmetric visual field defects between left and right eyes are common in patients with pituitary adenoma. Severe scotoma is more frequent in the upper quadrant of the temporal hemifield and in the lower quadrant of the nasal hemifield.

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P1-21: A Study on Stereoanomalies: Comparison of Upper and Lower Visual Field

i-Perception ◽

10.1068/if635 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 635-635

Author(s):

Masahiro Ishii

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Lower Visual Field

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A reassessment of the lower visual field map in striate-recipient lateral suprasylvian cortex

Visual Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/s0952523800003278 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 131-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Helen Sherk ◽

Kathleen A. Mulligan

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Lower Visual Field ◽

Lower Field ◽

Global Features ◽

Dual Representation ◽

Field Representation ◽

Retinotopic Organization ◽

Lateral Suprasylvian Cortex ◽

Suprasylvian Cortex

AbstractLateral suprasylvian visual cortex in the cat has been studied extensively, but its retinotopic organization remains controversial. Although some investigators have divided this region into many distinct areas, others have argued for a simpler organization. A clear understanding of the region’s retinotopic organization is important in order to define distinct areas that are likely to subserve unique visual functions. We therefore reexamined the map of the lower visual field in the striate-recipient region of lateral suprasylvian cortex, a region we refer to as the lateral suprasylvian area, LS.A dual mapping approach was used. First, receptive fields were plotted at numerous locations along closely spaced electrode penetrations; second, different anterograde tracers were injected at retinotopically identified sites in area 17, yielding patches of label in LS. To visualize the resulting data, suprasylvian cortex was flattened with the aid of a computer.Global features of the map reported in many earlier studies were confirmed. Central visual field was represented posteriorly, and elevations generally shifted downward as one moved anteriorly. Often (though not always) there was a progression from peripheral locations towards the vertical meridian as the electrode moved down the medial suprasylvian bank.The map had some remarkable characteristics not previously reported in any map in the cat. The vertical meridian’s representation was split into two pieces, separated by a gap, and both pieces were partially internalized within the map. Horizontal meridian occupied the gap. The area centralis usually had a dual representation along the posterior boundary of the lower field representation, and other fragments of visual field were duplicated as well. Finally, magnification appeared to change abruptly and unexpectedly, so that compressed regions of representation adjoined expanded regions. Despite its complexity, we found the map to be more orderly than previously thought. There was no clearcut retinotopic basis on which to subdivide LS’s lower field representation into distinct areas.

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