To etch or not to etch, Part I: On the fatigue strength and dentin bonding performance of universal adhesives

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different protocols of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) conditioning on the etching pattern and immediate bond strength of universal adhesives to enamel and sclerotic dentin. Methods and Materials: Forty bovine teeth with sclerotic dentin and 20 human third molars were randomly divided into eight groups resulting from the combination of the main factors surface treatment (none, two-minute EDTA conditioning manual application, 30-second EDTA manual application, 30-second EDTA sonic application) and adhesives systems (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [SBU] and Prime & Bond Elect [PBE]). Resin-dentin and enamel-dentin bond specimens were prepared and tested under the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and microshear bond strength (μSBS) tests, respectively. The etching pattern produced on the unground enamel and the sclerotic dentin surfaces under the different protocols and adhesive systems was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy. Results: For enamel, only the main factor adhesive was significant (p<0.0001), with SBU showing the highest μSBS. In sclerotic dentin, the lowest mean was observed for the group without EDTA application and the highest mean in the group with EDTA application with the sonic device for 30 seconds. Regardless of the EDTA protocol, the highest means of μTBS were observed for SBU (p<0.05). Conclusions: EDTA conditioning improves the bonding performance of universal adhesives in the self-etch mode on sclerotic dentin, mainly when applied for 30 seconds with the aid of a sonic device. EDTA pretreatment also improves the retentive etching pattern of enamel, but it does not result in higher enamel bond strength.

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Effect of silver diammine fluoride application on dentin bonding performance

Dental Materials Journal ◽

10.4012/dmj.2019-057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 407-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aye KO KO ◽

Naoko MATSUI ◽

Ayako NAKAMOTO ◽

Masaomi IKEDA ◽

Toru NIKAIDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dentin Bonding ◽

Bonding Performance

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Magnetic motion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles -loaded dental adhesives: physicochemical/biological properties, and dentin bonding performance studied through the tooth pulpal pressure model

Acta Biomaterialia ◽

10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isadora Martini Garcia ◽

Mary Anne Samapio de Melo

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Dental Adhesives ◽

Dentin Bonding ◽

Bonding Performance

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Bond Stability of Universal Adhesives Applied To Dentin Using Etch-And-Rinse or Self-Etch Strategies

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902578 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela Cardoso de Cardoso ◽

Leina Nakanishi ◽

Cristina Pereira Isolan ◽

Patrícia dos Santos Jardim ◽

Rafael Ratto de Moraes

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Failure Modes ◽

General Pattern ◽

The Self ◽

Bond Stability ◽

Bonding Performance ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Universal Adhesives ◽

Self Etch

Abstract This study evaluated the immediate and 6-month dentin bond strength of universal adhesives used in etch-and-rinse or self-etch bonding strategies. The adhesives tested were Ambar Universal, G-Bond, Single Bond Universal, Tetric N-Bond Universal, and Ybond Universal. Gold standard adhesives (Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus and Clearfil SE Bond) were controls. Microtensile dentin bond strength (n=5 teeth), pH, and C=C conversion (n=3) were evaluated. Data were analyzed at α=0.05. All adhesives showed differences in pH. Ybond had intermediately strong aggressiveness, whereas the others were ultra-mild. The C=C conversion was different in most adhesives. In the etch-and-rinse strategy, all adhesives showed similar results generally except for G-Bond, which had lower bond strength than most adhesives. G-Bond and Tetric-N-Bond showed lower bond strengths after 6 months compared with 24 h, whereas the other adhesives had stable dentin bonds. In the self-etch strategy, G-Bond had lower bond strength than most adhesives. After 6 months, Ambar was the only adhesive showing lower dentin bond strength compared with 24 h. Most adhesives had discreet drops in bond strength during aging when used in the self-etch strategy. The failure modes were also material dependent, with a general pattern of increased adhesive and/or pre-testing failures after storage. In conclusion, the bonding performance of universal adhesives to dentin is material dependent. Most adhesives had stable dentin bonds with results comparable to the gold standard materials, particularly when applied in the self-etch mode. In general, it seems the use of universal adhesives in dentin should not be preceded by phosphoric acid etching.

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Influence of a hydrophobic resin coating on the immediate and 6-month dentin bonding of three universal adhesives

Dental Materials ◽

10.1016/j.dental.2015.07.002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. e236-e246 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ana Sezinando ◽

Issis Luque-Martinez ◽

Miguel Angel Muñoz ◽

Alessandra Reis ◽

Alessandro D. Loguercio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dentin Bonding ◽

Resin Coating ◽

Universal Adhesives

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Degree of Conversion Contributes to Dentin Bonding Durability of Contemporary Universal Adhesives

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/19-165-l ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 556-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A Tichy ◽

K Hosaka ◽

A Abdou ◽

M Nakajima ◽

J Tagami

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Degree Of Conversion ◽

Significance Level ◽

Dentin Bonding ◽

Light Curing ◽

Bonding Durability ◽

Universal Adhesives ◽

High Degree

Clinical Relevance The degree of conversion of contemporary universal adhesives positively correlates with the bond strength to dentin. The correlation is more marked after thermocycling, suggesting that a high degree of conversion is required for long-term dentin bonding durability. SUMMARY Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of five contemporary universal adhesives to dentin after 24 hours and thermocycling (TC), to measure their degrees of conversion (DC) and to test the correlation between μTBS and DC. Methods and Materials: Four commercially available universal adhesives, Prime&Bond universal (PBU), Ecosite Bond (EB), G-Premio Bond (GPB), and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ), and one experimental adhesive, UBQ without an amide monomer (UBQ-A), were used in this study. For the μTBS test, midcoronal dentin of 50 human molars was exposed, ground using 600-grit SiC paper, and the adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After resin-composite buildup and 24-hour water storage, one-half of the specimens were subjected to 15,000 thermal cycles. The specimens were sectioned into beams and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The DC of adhesives applied to dentin was evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy immediately after light-curing. All data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The highest μTBSs were obtained with UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU, which were not significantly different from each other both after 24 hours and TC. The μTBS of GPB was lower compared with the aforementioned adhesives, but significantly only after TC, and the lowest μTBSs were obtained with EB. TC did not affect the μTBSs of UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU significantly, but a significant decrease was observed with GPB and EB. The highest DC was obtained with PBU and UBQ, followed by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate–rich adhesives UBQ-A and EB, which exhibited significantly lower DCs. The DC of GPB could not be determined because the reference peak at 1608 cm−1 was not detected in its spectra. A significant positive correlation was shown between μTBS and DC after 24 hours (r=0.716) and TC (r=0.856). Conclusion: μTBS and DC were positively correlated, more markedly after TC, which suggests that DC may be an important factor for bond durability.

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Effect of Reduced Universal Adhesive Application Time on Enamel Bond Fatigue and Surface Morphology

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-261-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 42-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Y Nagura ◽

A Tsujimoto ◽

NG Fischer ◽

AG Baruth ◽

WW Barkmeier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Strength ◽

Surface Area ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Test Group ◽

Application Time ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Shear Fatigue ◽

Universal Adhesives ◽

Geometric Surface ◽

Geometric Surface Area

SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced application times of universal adhesives on enamel bond fatigue and surface morphology of the treated enamel with constant force atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods: Four universal adhesives—Adhese Universal (AU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CU), G-Premio Bond (GP), and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU)—were evaluated in a laboratory for their ability to adhesively bond resin composite to enamel. Shear bond strengths were initially determined using 15 specimens per test group for each adhesive. Shear fatigue strengths were then determined using 20 specimens per test group for each the adhesives. The fatigue specimens were loaded using a sine wave at a frequency of 20 Hz for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. AFM observations, surface Ra roughness measurements, and geometric surface area evaluations of enamel surface treated with the adhesive agents were also conducted. Results: A strong relationship was found between the initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength for enamel surface Ra roughness but not for geometric surface area. The initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength of CU and GP were not influenced by different application times, unlike those of AU and SU. While the surface area of enamel treated with the adhesive agents was not significantly influenced by different application times and type of adhesive, surface Ra roughness of the enamel in the AU and SU groups significantly increased with increasing application time, unlike CU and GP. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that universal adhesives, used with reduced application times, have adequate Ra surface roughness to provide sufficient resistance to enamel bond fatigue at application times from <1 second to 20 seconds, while the geometric surface area of adhesive-treated enamel did not show any significant changes at these different application times.

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