Degree of Conversion Contributes to Dentin Bonding Durability of Contemporary Universal Adhesives

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tichy ◽  
K Hosaka ◽  
A Abdou ◽  
M Nakajima ◽  
J Tagami
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Bonding Durability ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
High Degree

Clinical Relevance The degree of conversion of contemporary universal adhesives positively correlates with the bond strength to dentin. The correlation is more marked after thermocycling, suggesting that a high degree of conversion is required for long-term dentin bonding durability. SUMMARY Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of five contemporary universal adhesives to dentin after 24 hours and thermocycling (TC), to measure their degrees of conversion (DC) and to test the correlation between μTBS and DC. Methods and Materials: Four commercially available universal adhesives, Prime&Bond universal (PBU), Ecosite Bond (EB), G-Premio Bond (GPB), and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ), and one experimental adhesive, UBQ without an amide monomer (UBQ-A), were used in this study. For the μTBS test, midcoronal dentin of 50 human molars was exposed, ground using 600-grit SiC paper, and the adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After resin-composite buildup and 24-hour water storage, one-half of the specimens were subjected to 15,000 thermal cycles. The specimens were sectioned into beams and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The DC of adhesives applied to dentin was evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy immediately after light-curing. All data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The highest μTBSs were obtained with UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU, which were not significantly different from each other both after 24 hours and TC. The μTBS of GPB was lower compared with the aforementioned adhesives, but significantly only after TC, and the lowest μTBSs were obtained with EB. TC did not affect the μTBSs of UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU significantly, but a significant decrease was observed with GPB and EB. The highest DC was obtained with PBU and UBQ, followed by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate–rich adhesives UBQ-A and EB, which exhibited significantly lower DCs. The DC of GPB could not be determined because the reference peak at 1608 cm−1 was not detected in its spectra. A significant positive correlation was shown between μTBS and DC after 24 hours (r=0.716) and TC (r=0.856). Conclusion: μTBS and DC were positively correlated, more markedly after TC, which suggests that DC may be an important factor for bond durability.

Effect of Simulated Pulpal Microcirculation on Temperature When Light Curing Bulk Fill Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
SSL Braga ◽  
LRS Oliveira ◽  
MTH Ribeiro ◽  
ABF Vilela ◽  
GR da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Lower Temperature

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the effect of light curing bulk fill resin composite restorations on the increase in the temperature of the pulp chamber both with and without a simulated pulpal fluid flow. Methods and Materials: Forty extracted human molars received a flat occlusal cavity, leaving approximately 2 mm of dentin over the pulp. The teeth were restored using a self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) and two different bulk fill resin composites: a flowable (SDR, Dentsply) and a regular paste (AURA, SDI) bulk fill. The adhesive was light cured for 20 seconds, SDR was light cured for 20 seconds, and AURA was light cured for 40 seconds using the Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent) or the VALO Cordless (Ultradent) in the standard output power mode. The degree of conversion (DC) at the top and bottom of the bulk fill resin composite was assessed using Fourier-Transform Infra Red spectroscopy. The temperature in the pulp chamber when light curing the adhesive system and resin composite was measured using a J-type thermocouple both with and without the presence of a simulated microcirculation of 1.0-1.4 mL/min. Data were analyzed using Student t-tests and two-way and three-way analyses of variance (α=0.05 significance level). Results: The irradiance delivered by the light-curing units (LCUs) was greatest close to the top sensor of the MARC resin calibrator (BlueLight Analytics) and lowest after passing through the 4.0 mm of resin composite plus 2.0 mm of dentin. In general, the Bluephase G2 delivered a higher irradiance than did the VALO Cordless. The resin composite, LCU, and region all influenced the degree of cure. The simulated pulpal microcirculation significantly reduced the temperature increase. The greatest temperature rise occurred when the adhesive system was light cured. The Bluephase G2 produced a rise of 6°C, and the VALO Cordless produced a lower temperature change (4°C) when light curing the adhesive system for 20 seconds without pulpal microcirculation. Light curing SDR produced the greatest exothermic reaction. Conclusions: Using simulated pulpal microcirculation resulted in lower temperature increases. The flowable composite (SDR) allowed more light transmission and had a higher degree of conversion than did the regular paste (AURA). The greatest temperature rise occurred when light curing the adhesive system alone.

scholarly journals Micro Push-Out Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin in Primary Dentition Using Three Universal Adhesives with Different pH: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6349
Author(s):  
Regina María Del Río Carrillo ◽  
Pedro Molinero-Mourelle ◽  
Vicente Vera ◽  
Pablo Romero Villaba ◽  
Elizabeth Casañas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Deciduous Tooth ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Type Of Failure ◽  
Push Out

To evaluate the bond strength of different universal adhesives on deciduous tooth dentineand their relationship with the composition and potential of hydrogen (pH). Methods: An in vitromicro push-out test on 150 samples (n = 50) per group per adhesive, namely, Adhese Universal(ADH; Ivoclar Vivadent), Futurabond U (FUT; Voco GmbH) (Test), and Scotchbond Universal withpre-conditioning (SCO; 3M) (Control), to record bond strength (BS) and type of adhesive failure.Results: The results of the different adhesives (megapascals (MPa)) varied, showing no statisticalsignificance. The corresponding averages are in MPa: ADH, 13.66 2.81; FUT, 14.48 2.88; SCO,14.98 3.96. Additionally, the frequency of type of failure was as follows: mixed (60.7%), adhesive(27.3%), and cohesive (12%). Conclusions: SCO, with a pH of 2.7, showed greater resistance tofracture, while FUT, with a pH of 2.3 and no pre-conditioning, approached the same values, being aone-step adhesive. No relationship was found between failure and type of adhesive.

Effect of air-blowing time and long-term storage on bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2629-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipop Saikaew ◽  
Jiale Fu ◽  
A. F. M. Almas Chowdhury ◽  
Ricardo M. Carvalho ◽  
Hidehiko Sano
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Air Blowing ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals Effects of radiant exposure values using second and third generation light curing units on the degree of conversion of a lucirin-based resin composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Antonieta Oliveira Rodrigues de Faria CARDOSO ◽  
Driellen Christine ZARPELLON ◽  
Camila Ferreira Leite MADRUGA ◽  
José Augusto RODRIGUES ◽  
Cesar Augusto Galvão ARRAIS
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Radiant Exposure ◽  
Light Curing

scholarly journals Influence of Sealer and Light-Curing Units on Push-Out Bond Strength Of Composite Resin to Weakened Roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Corrêa de Lima ◽  
Fuad Jacob Rached-Junior ◽  
Natália Spadini de Faria ◽  
Danielle Cristine Messias ◽  
Carolina de Andrade Lima Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Push Out

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the influence of sealer and light-curing unit on regional bond strength of resin composite to the weakened roots. Ninety roots of incisors were experimentally weakened, subjected to biomechanical preparation and filled with either Endofill, AH Plus or MTA Fillapex The roots were desobturated e reinforced with resin composite and fiber post light-activated with one of the light sources: halogen at 600 mW/ cm2 (QTH-600), LED at 800 mW/ cm2 (LED-800) and LED at 1500 mW/ cm2 (LED-1500). The roots were sectioned in slices from cervical, middle and apical root-reinforcement regions and analyzed by push out test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Bond strength data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (α=0.05). Specimens filled with AH Plus had higher bond strength, followed by MTA Fillapex and Endofill (p<0.05). For light-curing unit, LED-1500 presented superior bond strength than LED-800, which was higher than QTH-600 (p<0.05). The cervical region had the greatest mean values (p<0.05) while apical part showed the lowest bond strength (p<0.05). CLMS revealed remaining filling material in the dentinal tubules for all groups. The eugenol-containing sealer (Endofill) compromised the push-out bond strength of composite resin to the root dentin. Bond strength was favored in the cervical region, and when LED-1500 was used.

scholarly journals Push-Out Bond Strength of Restorations with Bulk-Fill, Flow, and Conventional Resin Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vieira Caixeta ◽  
Ricardo Danil Guiraldo ◽  
Edmilson Nobumitu Kaneshima ◽  
Aline Silvestre Barbosa ◽  
Cassiana Pedrotti Picolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Conical Cavity ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Push Out

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths of composite restorations made with different filler amounts and resin composites that were photoactivated using a light-emitting diode (LED). Thirty bovine incisors were selected, and a conical cavity was prepared in the facial surface of each tooth. All preparations were etched with Scotchbond Etching Gel, the Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus adhesive system was applied followed by photoactivation, and the cavities were filled with a single increment of Filtek Z350 XT, Filtek Z350 XT Flow, or bulk-fill X-tra fil resin composite (n= 10) followed by photoactivation. A push-out test to determine bond strength was conducted using a universal testing machine. Data (MPa) were submitted to Student’st-test at a 5% significance level. After the test, the fractured specimens were examined using an optical microscope under magnification (10x). Although all three composites demonstrated a high prevalence of adhesive failures, the bond strength values of the different resin composites photoactivated by LED showed that the X-tra fil resin composite had a lower bond strength than the Filtek Z350 XT and Filtek Z350 XT Flow resin composites.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Time on Bond Strength and Nanoleakage Expression of Universal Adhesives Bonded to Dentin and Etched Enamel

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Makishi ◽  
CB André ◽  
APA Ayres ◽  
AL Martins ◽  
M Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY Purpose: To investigate bond strength and nanoleakage expression of universal adhesives (UA) bonded to dentin and etched enamel. Methods: Extracted human third molars were sectioned and ground to obtain flat surfaces of dentin (n = 36) and enamel (n = 48). Dentin and etched enamel surfaces were bonded with one of two UAs, All-Bond Universal (ABU) or Scotchbond Universal (SBU); or a two-step self-etching adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB). A hydrophobic bonding resin, Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Bond (ASMP Bond) was applied only on etched enamel. Following each bonding procedure, resin composite blocks were built up incrementally. The specimens were sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (MTBS) testing after 24 hours or one year water storage, or immersed into ammoniacal silver nitrate solution after aging with 10,000 thermocycles and observed using scanning electron microscopy. The percentage distribution of silver particles at the adhesive/tooth interface was calculated using digital image-analysis software. Results: The MTBS (CSEB = SBU &gt; ABU, for dentin; and CSEB &gt; ABU = SBU = ASMP Bond, for etched enamel) differed significantly between the adhesives after 24 hours. After one year, MTBS values were reduced significantly within the same adhesive for both substrates (analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc, p&lt;0.05), and no significant differences were found among the adhesives for etched enamel. Silver particles could be detected within the adhesive/dentin interface of all specimens tested. Kruskal-Wallis mean ranks for nanoleakage in ABU, SBU, and CSEB were 16.9, 18.5 and 11, respectively (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: In the short term, MTBS values were material and dental-substrate dependent. After aging, a decrease in bonding effectiveness was observed in all materials, with nanoleakage at the adhesive/dentin interface. The bonding of the UAs was equal or inferior to that of the conventional restorative systems when applied to either substrate and after either storage period.

scholarly journals The Effect of SnCl2/AmF Pretreatment on Short- and Long-Term Bond Strength to Eroded Dentin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Zumstein ◽  
Anne Peutzfeldt ◽  
Adrian Lussi ◽  
Simon Flury
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Self Etch

This study investigated the effect of SnCl2/AmF pretreatment on short- and long-term bond strength of resin composite to eroded dentin mediated by two self-etch, MDP-containing adhesive systems. 184 dentin specimens were produced from extracted human molars. Half the specimens (n=92) were artificially eroded, and half were left untreated. For both substrates, half the specimens were pretreated with SnCl2/AmF, and half were left untreated. The specimens were treated with Clearfil SE Bond or Scotchbond Universal prior to application of resin composite. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured after 24 h or 1 year. Failure mode was detected and EDX was performed. μTBS results were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). μTBS was significantly influenced by the dentin substrate (eroded < noneroded dentin) and storage time (24 h > 1 year; p<0.0001) but not by pretreatment with SnCl2/AmF or adhesive system. The predominant failure mode was adhesive failure at the dentin-adhesive interface. The content of Sn was generally below detection limit. Pretreatment with SnCl2/AmF did not influence short- and long-term bond strength to eroded dentin. Bond strength was reduced after storage for one year, was lower to eroded dentin than to noneroded dentin, and was similar for the two adhesive systems.

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