Early elevated alkaline phosphatase increases the risk of large-for-gestational-age birth weight in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance

Abstract Pregnancy is a period marked by profound changes in a woman’s hormonal status and metabolism, including the development of a carbohydrate-intolerant state. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to estimate and analyse the parameters of glycaemic control during pregnancy. We stratified patients into the following three groups according to OGTT results: normal glucose tolerance (NTG), gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) and GDM. We investigated 92 pregnant women, diagnosed with vital and desired pregnancy up to 12 weeks of gestation, who had signed informed consent forms. Among them, 7 pregnant women had a spontaneous abortion, while 8 pregnant women dropped out, so a total of 77 pregnant women completed the trial. Most of the women examined had no risk factors (48%), while 35% of the women had one risk factor. The current study demonstrates that normal glucose tolerance was shown in 59 (76.6%) participants, while some form of glucose intolerance (GIGT or GDM) was shown in 18 (23.4%) patients. Our findings revealed an increase in glucose intolerance with advancing pregnancy (in the second and third trimester). In conclusion, we demonstrate that the difference in the quality of glycaemic control during pregnancy is manifested in the second and third trimester, until it manifests in the first trimester. These findings underpin the clinical significance of discovering GDM.

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Maternal triglyceride levels and newborn weight in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01336.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

G. Di Cianni ◽

R. Miccoli ◽

L. Volpe ◽

C. Lencioni ◽

A. Ghio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Newborn Weight ◽

Normal Glucose

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Can the 50-g oral glucose tolerance test predict macrosomia and large for gestational age in pregnant women without gestational diabetes?

Annals of Medical Research ◽

10.5455/annalsmedres.2020.08.860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 1632

Author(s):

Erdem Sahin ◽

Yusuf Madendag

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance

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Factors influencing foetal growth in pregnancy complicated by diabetes

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174746 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2136

Author(s):

Sathish Kumar S. ◽

Anandhi A. ◽

Luke Ravi Chelliah ◽

Karthick A. R.

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Growth Pattern ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus represents a metabolically altered fetal environment due to an increased maternal supply of carbohydrates. It leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and stimulates insulin-sensitive tissue, predominantly of the abdomen, resulting in increased fetal growth and delivering large-for-gestational-age newborns. Implications of fetal hyperinsulinemia reach far beyond delivery. Children of mothers with diabetes in pregnancy are predisposed to develop obesity and glucose intolerance through a non-genetic “fuel-mediated” mechanism. The objective of the present study was to study the “fetal growth pattern at different periods of pregnancy complicated by diabetes” and to identify the factors that influence the fetal growth pattern in pregnancy complicated by diabetesMethods: 69 pregnant women with diabetes and 34 pregnant women without diabetes were included in the study by random sampling. Maternal parameters such as age, parity, height, weight at registration, and weight gain during pregnancy, BMI at the time of registration of pregnancy and at the time of delivery, detailed diabetic profile and management including meal plan, insulin administration and dosage were recorded. The fetuses were monitored for Biparietal diameter, abdomen circumference, femur length by 2 ultrasound examinations, one at 18-22 weeks and another at 28-32 weeks were performed. Soon after delivery, sex, gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of the newborn were recorded and infants were classified as LGA/SGA/AGA.Results: Maternal age, parity, BMI at the time of delivery and maternal weight gain had significant influence on the birth weight. The abdominal circumference of the fetus detected at 18-20 and 28-32 ultrasound scans had a very significant correlation with neonatal mean birth weight percentile. Conclusions: Not all babies born to diabetic mothers are macrosomic. SGA babies were not uncommon in pregnancies with diabetes especially in those who did not have significant micro vasculopathy. Maternal nutrition plays a significant key role in determining birth weight of babies even in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

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