Effects of different backfill soils on artificial soil quality for cut slope revegetation: Soil structure, soil erosion, moisture retention and soil C stock

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqiong Chen ◽  
Ruihong Luo ◽  
Zhiyu Huang ◽  
Weiguo Tu ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Cut Slope ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

Biochar from sugarcane residues: An overview of its sequestration potential in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lefebvre ◽  
Jeroen Meersmans ◽  
Guy Kirk ◽  
Adrian Williams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

<p>Harvesting sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) produces large quantities of biomass residues. We investigated the potential for converting these residues into biochar (recalcitrant carbon rich material) for soil carbon (C) sequestration. We modified a version of the RothC soil carbon model to follow changes in soil C stocks considering different amounts of fresh sugarcane residues and biochar (including recalcitrant and labile biochar fractions). We used Sao Paulo State (Brazil) as a case study due to its large sugarcane production and associated soil C sequestration potential.</p><p>Mechanical harvesting of sugarcane fields leaves behind > 10 t dry matter of trash (leaves) ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>. Although trash blanketing increases soil fertility, an excessive amount is detrimental and reduces the subsequent crop yield. After the optimal trash blanketing amount, sugarcane cultivation still produces 5.9 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> of excess trash and bagasse (processing residues) which are available for subsequent use.</p><p>The available residues could produce 2.5 t of slow-pyrolysis (550°C) biochar C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>. The model predicts this could increase sugarcane field soil C stock on average by 2.4 ± 0.4 t C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1</sup>, after accounting for the climate and soil type variability across the State. Comparing different scenarios, we found that applying fresh residues into the field results in a smaller increase in soil C stock compared to the biochar because the soil C approaches a new equilibrium. For instance, adding 1.2 t of biochar C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1</sup> along with 3.2 t of fresh residue C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1 </sup>increased the soil C stock by 1.8 t C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1 </sup>after 10 years of repeated applications. In contrast, adding 0.62 t of biochar C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1</sup> with 4.5 t of fresh sugarcane residues C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1 </sup>increased the soil carbon soil stock by 1.4 t C ha<sup>‑1</sup> year<sup>‑1</sup> after 10 years of application. These are reductions 25% and 40% of the potential soil C accumulation rates compared with applying available residues as biochar.   </p><p>We also tested the sensitivity of the model to biochar-induced positive priming (i.e. increased mineralization of soil organic C) using published values. This showed that the C sequestration balance remains positive over the long term, even considering an extremely high positive-priming factor. Upscaling our results to the total 5 Mha of sugarcane in Sao Paulo State, biochar application could sequester up to 50 Mt of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent per year, representing 31% of the emissions attributed to the State in 2016.</p><p>This study provides first insights into the sequestration potential of biochar application on sugarcane fields. Measurements of changes in soil C stocks in sugarcane field experiments are needed to further validate the model, and the emissions to implement the practice at large scale need to be taken into account. As the climate crisis grows, the need for greenhouse gas removal technologies becomes crucial. Assessing the net effectiveness of readily available technologies is essential to guide policy makers.  </p>

Effects of land management on CO2 flux and soil C stock in two Tanzanian croplands with contrasting soil texture

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soh Sugihara ◽  
Shinya Funakawa ◽  
Method Kilasara ◽  
Takashi Kosaki
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

scholarly journals A Comparison of Soil Carbon Stocks of Intact and Restored Mangrove Forests in Northern Vietnam

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Pham Hong Tinh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh ◽  
Vo Van Thanh ◽  
Mai Sy Tuan ◽  
Pham Van Quang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Quang Ninh ◽  
Soil C Stock

Background and Objectives: In northern Vietnam, nearly 37,100 hectares of mangroves were lost from 1964–1997 due to unsustainable harvest and deforestation for the creation of shrimp aquaculture ponds. To offset these losses, efforts in the late 1990s have resulted in thousands of hectares of mangroves being restored, but few studies to date have examined how effective these efforts are at creating restored mangrove forests that function similarly to the intact mangroves they are intended to replace. Materials and Methods: We quantified and compared soil carbon (C) stocks among restored (mono and mixed species) and intact mangrove forests in the provinces of Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Thanh Hoa in northern Vietnam. A total of 96 soil cores up to a depth of 200 cm were collected every 25 m (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 m) along 16 linear transects that were 150 m long and perpendicular to the mangrove upland interface (six cores along each transect) at Quang Ninh (four transects), Thai Binh (five), Nam Dinh (four) and Thanh Hoa (three). Five-cm-long soil samples were then collected from the 0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, 30–50 cm, 50–100 cm, and >100 cm depth intervals of each soil core. Results: The study confirmed that the soil C stock of 20–25-year-old restored mangrove forest (217.74 ± 16.82 Mg/ha) was not significantly different from that of intact mangrove forest (300.68 ± 51.61 Mg/ha) (p > 0.05). Soil C stocks of Quang Ninh (323.89 ± 28.43 Mg/ha) were not significantly different from Nam Dinh (249.81 ± 19.09 Mg/ha), but both of those were significantly larger than Thai Binh (201.42 ± 27.65 Mg/ha) and Thanh Hoa (178.98 ± 30.82 Mg/ha) (p < 0.05). Soil C stock differences among provinces could be due to their different geomorphological characteristics and mangrove age. Soil C stocks did not differ among mangroves that were restored with mixed mangrove species (289.75 ± 33.28 Mg/ha), Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (255.67 ± 13.11 Mg/ha) or Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (278.15 ± 43.86 Mg/ha), but soil C stocks of those mangroves were significantly greater than that of Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong (174.04 ± 20.38 Mg/ha) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences in the soil C stocks of mangrove forests among species and provinces in northern Vietnam. The soil C stock of 20–25-year-old restored mangrove forest was not significantly different from that of intact mangrove forest.

Responses of soil C stock and soil C loss to land restoration in Ili River Valley, China

CATENA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Yan ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Hongrui Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Ili River Valley ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

Arbuscular mycorrhizae, glomalin, and soil aggregation

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Soil Protein

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are important factors of soil quality through their effects on host plant physiology, soil ecological interactions, and their contributions to maintaining soil structure. The symbiosis is faced with numerous challenges in agroecosystems; in order to inform sustainable management strategies it is hence a high priority to work towards mechanistic understanding of arbuscular mycorrhizae contributions to soil quality. This review focuses on glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), operationally defined soil C pools that have been linked to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In discussing this protein pool, we propose a new terminology used to describe fractions of soil proteins and glomalin. GRSP concentrations in soil are positively correlated with aggregate water stability. GRSP has relatively slow turnover in soil, contributing to lasting effects on aggregation. Controls on production of GRSP at the phenomenological and mechanistic level are evaluated. While there are significant gaps in our knowledge about GRSP and glomalin (particularly at the biochemical level), it is concluded that research on GRSP holds great promise for furthering our knowledge of soil structure and quality, for informing suitable management, and as a foundation for novel biotechnological applications in agriculture and beyond. Key words: Glomalin, GRSP, soil structure, land use, restoration, soil protein, sustainability, arbuscular mycorrhizae

scholarly journals Perceived Causes and Solutions to Soil Degradation in the UK and Norway

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Niki Rust ◽  
Ole Erik Lunder ◽  
Sara Iversen ◽  
Steven Vella ◽  
Elizabeth A. Oughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Uk

Soil quality is declining in many parts of the world, with implications for the productivity, resilience and sustainability of agri-food systems. Research suggests multiple causes of soil degradation with no single solution and a divided stakeholder opinion on how to manage this problem. However, creating socially acceptable and effective policies to halt soil degradation requires engagement with a diverse range of stakeholders who possess different and complementary knowledge, experiences and perspectives. To understand how British and Norwegian agricultural stakeholders perceived the causes of and solutions to soil degradation, we used Q-methodology with 114 respondents, including farmers, scientists and agricultural advisers. For the UK, respondents thought the causes were due to loss of soil structure, soil erosion, compaction and loss of organic matter; the perceived solutions were to develop more collaborative research between researchers and farmers, invest in training, improve trust between farmers and regulatory agencies, and reduce soil compaction. In Norway, respondents thought soils were degrading due to soil erosion, monocultures and loss of soil structure; they believed the solutions were to reduce compaction, increase rotation and invest in agricultural training. There was an overarching theme related to industrialised agriculture being responsible for declining soil quality in both countries. We highlight potential areas for land use policy development in Norway and the UK, including multi-actor approaches that may improve the social acceptance of these policies. This study also illustrates how Q-methodology may be used to co-produce stakeholder-driven policy options to address land degradation.

scholarly journals Overgrazing depresses soil carbon stock through changing plant diversity in temperate grassland of the Loess Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Guangyu ◽  
Tang Zhuangsheng ◽  
Chen Lei ◽  
Shangguan Zhouping ◽  
Deng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

This study mainly estimates the effect of grazing on plant diversity and soil storages on the northern Loess Plateau of China. Four grazing intensities of ungrazed (UG), light (LG), moderate (MG), and heavy (HG) grassland were selected according to the vegetation utilization across the study area, in which plant diversity, heights, above- and belowground biomass, and soil carbon (C) stock were investigated. The results showed that overgrazing negatively affected plant growth and soil C stock. Plant cover, height, litter, above- and belowground productivity, as well as soil C stock significantly decreased with the increasing grazing intensity. Meanwhile, the UG and LG had higher grasses biomass together with lower forbs (P &lt; 0.01) compared with MG and HG. The abundance of dominating grasses species, such as Stipa bungeana and S. grandis were decreased through long-term grazing as grasses species are palatable for herbivores, and the dominating forbs species, such as Artemisia capillaries and Thymus mongolicus were significantly increased with increasing grazing intensities. The results indicated that grazing exclusion or light grazing had positive effects on the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. Therefore, a balanced use and a long-term efficient management of grasslands were better measures to counteract their local degradations.

scholarly journals Seasonal Soil Respiration Dynamics and Carbon-Stock Variations in Mountain Permanent Grasslands Compared to Arable Lands

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Francioni ◽  
Paride D’Ottavio ◽  
Roberto Lai ◽  
Laura Trozzo ◽  
Katarina Budimir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Heterotrophic Soil Respiration ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Soil C Stock

Permanent grasslands provide a wide array of ecosystem services. Despite this, few studies have investigated grassland carbon (C) dynamics, and especially those related to the effects of land-use changes. This study aimed to determine whether the land-use change from permanent grassland to arable lands resulted in variations in the soil C stock, and whether such variations were due to increased soil respiration or to management practices. To address this, seasonal variations of soil respiration, sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature (Q10), and soil C stock variations generated by land-use changes were analyzed in a temperate mountain area of central Italy. The comparisons were performed for a permanent grassland and two adjacent fields, one cultivated with lentil and the other with emmer, during the 2015 crop year. Soil respiration and its heterotrophic component showed different spatial and temporal dynamics. Annual cumulative soil respiration rates were 6.05, 5.05 and 3.99 t C ha−1 year−1 for grassland, lentil and emmer, respectively. Both soil respiration and heterotrophic soil respiration were positively correlated with soil temperature at 10 cm depth. Derived Q10 values were from 2.23 to 6.05 for soil respiration, and from 1.82 to 4.06 for heterotrophic respiration. Soil C stock at over 0.2 m in depth was 93.56, 48.74 and 46.80 t C ha−1 for grassland, lentil and emmer, respectively. The land-use changes from permanent grassland to arable land lead to depletion in terms of the soil C stock due to water soil erosion. A more general evaluation appears necessary to determine the multiple effects of this land-use change at the landscape scale.

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