Hurricane Katrina storm surge distribution and field observations on the Mississippi Barrier Islands

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann M. Fritz ◽  
Chris Blount ◽  
Robert Sokoloski ◽  
Justin Singleton ◽  
Andrew Fuggle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Field Observations

scholarly journals Hurricane Gustav (2008) Waves and Storm Surge: Hindcast, Synoptic Analysis, and Validation in Southern Louisiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 2488-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dietrich ◽  
J. J. Westerink ◽  
A. B. Kennedy ◽  
J. M. Smith ◽  
R. E. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Unstructured Mesh ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Southern Louisiana

AbstractHurricane Gustav (2008) made landfall in southern Louisiana on 1 September 2008 with its eye never closer than 75 km to New Orleans, but its waves and storm surge threatened to flood the city. Easterly tropical-storm-strength winds impacted the region east of the Mississippi River for 12–15 h, allowing for early surge to develop up to 3.5 m there and enter the river and the city’s navigation canals. During landfall, winds shifted from easterly to southerly, resulting in late surge development and propagation over more than 70 km of marshes on the river’s west bank, over more than 40 km of Caernarvon marsh on the east bank, and into Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Wind waves with estimated significant heights of 15 m developed in the deep Gulf of Mexico but were reduced in size once they reached the continental shelf. The barrier islands further dissipated the waves, and locally generated seas existed behind these effective breaking zones.The hardening and innovative deployment of gauges since Hurricane Katrina (2005) resulted in a wealth of measured data for Gustav. A total of 39 wind wave time histories, 362 water level time histories, and 82 high water marks were available to describe the event. Computational models—including a structured-mesh deepwater wave model (WAM) and a nearshore steady-state wave (STWAVE) model, as well as an unstructured-mesh “simulating waves nearshore” (SWAN) wave model and an advanced circulation (ADCIRC) model—resolve the region with unprecedented levels of detail, with an unstructured mesh spacing of 100–200 m in the wave-breaking zones and 20–50 m in the small-scale channels. Data-assimilated winds were applied using NOAA’s Hurricane Research Division Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) and Interactive Objective Kinematic Analysis (IOKA) procedures. Wave and surge computations from these models are validated comprehensively at the measurement locations ranging from the deep Gulf of Mexico and along the coast to the rivers and floodplains of southern Louisiana and are described and quantified within the context of the evolution of the storm.

scholarly journals Extreme changes to barrier islands along the central Gulf of Mexico coast during Hurricane Katrina

Circular ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Asbury Sallenger ◽  
Wayne Wright ◽  
Jeff Lillycrop ◽  
Peter Howd ◽  
Hilary Stockdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Mexico Coast

scholarly journals A Tsunami Ball Approach to Storm Surge and Inundation: Application to Hurricane Katrina, 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Advection Term

Most analyses of storm surge and inundation solve equations of continuity and momentum on fixed finite-difference/finite-element meshes. I develop a completely new approach that uses a momentum equation to accelerate bits or balls of water over variable depth topography. The thickness of the water column at any point equals the volume density of balls there. In addition to being more intuitive than traditional methods, the tsunami ball approach has several advantages. (a) By tracking water balls of fixed volume, the continuity equation is satisfied automatically and the advection term in the momentum equation becomes unnecessary. (b) The procedure is meshless in the finite-difference/finite-element sense. (c) Tsunami balls care little if they find themselves in the ocean or inundating land. (d) Tsunami ball calculations of storm surge can be done on a laptop computer. I demonstrate and calibrate the method by simulating storm surge and inundation around New Orleans, Louisiana caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and by comparing model predictions with field observations. To illustrate the flexibility of the tsunami ball technique, I run two “What If” hurricane scenarios—Katrina over Savannah, Georgia and Katrina over Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Lessons from Hurricane Katrina Storm Surge on Bridges and Buildings

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian N. Robertson ◽  
H. Ronald Riggs ◽  
Solomon C. Yim ◽  
Yin Lu Young
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge

THE INFLUENCE OF BARRIER ISLANDS ON HURRICANE-GENERATED STORM SURGE AND WAVES IN LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Sleath Grzegorzewski ◽  
Mary Cialone ◽  
A. Joost Lansen ◽  
Mathijs van Ledden ◽  
Jane Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Barrier Islands

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF BARRIER ISLAND DEGRADATION ON HURRICANE-INDUCED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

2018 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ke Liu ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Kelin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Barataria Bay ◽  
The Impact

Hurricanes are recognized as a strong forcing in changing coastal morphology by redistributing sediments. Barrier islands protect estuaries from storm surge and severe waves and confine water and sediment discharge into estuaries during a hurricane event. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional, fully coupled storm surge, waves, and sediment transport model. The impacts of barrier islands degradation on hurricane hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics were evaluated by comparing a hypothetical model configuration for four major barrier islands in Terrebonne Bay and Barataria Bay against a baseline configuration. With the hypothetical deterioration of barrier islands, model results showed that the sediment transport from the shelf to the estuary increased in Terrebonne Bay but decreased in Barataria Bay. In the simulations, most of the deposition on coastal wetland still originated from the bay even when the barrier islands were degraded.

scholarly journals A Fiscally Based Scale for Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Walker ◽  
David W. Titley ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Raymond G. Najjar ◽  
Sonya K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Statistical Mode ◽  
Capita Personal Income

Abstract Categorization of storm surge with the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale has been a useful means of communicating potential impacts for decades. However, storm surge was removed from this scale following Hurricane Katrina (2005), leaving no scale-based method for storm surge risk communication despite its significant impacts on life and property. This study seeks to create a new, theoretical storm surge scale based on fiscal damage for effective risk analysis. Advanced Circulation model simulation output data of maximum water height and velocity were obtained for four storms: Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Gustav, Hurricane Ike, and Superstorm Sandy. Four countywide fiscal loss methods were then considered. The first three use National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (SED) property damages and Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) population, per capita personal income, or total income. The fourth uses National Flood Insurance Program total insured coverage and paid claims. Initial correlations indicated the statistical mode of storm surge data above the 90th percentile was most skillful; this metric was therefore chosen to represent countywide storm surge. Multiple linear regression assessed the most skillful combination of storm surge variables (height and velocity) and fiscal loss method (SED property damages and BEA population, i.e., loss per capita), and defined the proposed scale, named the Kuykendall scale. Comparison with the four storms’ actual losses shows skillful performance, notably a 20% skill increase over surge height-only approaches. The Kuykendall scale demonstrates promise for skillful future storm surge risk assessment in the analytical, academic, and operational domains.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Storm Surge Heights along the U.S. Gulf Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal F. Needham ◽  
Barry D. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
The U.S

Abstract In the past decade, several large tropical cyclones have generated catastrophic storm surges along the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. These storms include Hurricanes Katrina, Ike, Isaac, and Sandy. This study uses empirical analysis of tropical cyclone data and maximum storm surge observations to investigate the role of tropical cyclone size in storm surge generation. Storm surge data are provided by the Storm Surge Database (SURGEDAT), a global storm surge database, while a unique tropical cyclone size dataset built from nine different data sources provides the size of the radius of maximum winds (Rmax) and the radii of 63 (34 kt), 93 (50 kt), and 119 km h−1 (64 kt) winds. Statistical analysis reveals an inverse correlation between storm surge magnitudes and Rmax sizes, while positive correlations exist between storm surge heights and the radius of 63 (34 kt), 93 (50 kt), and 119 km h−1 (64 kt) winds. Storm surge heights correlate best with the prelandfall radius of 93 km h−1 (50 kt) winds, with a Spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.82, significant at the 99.9% confidence level. Many historical examples support these statistical results. For example, the 1900 Galveston hurricane, the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, and Hurricane Camille all had small Rmax sizes but generated catastrophic surges. Hurricane Katrina provides an example of the importance of large wind fields, as hurricane-force winds extending 167 km [90 nautical miles (n mi)] from the center of circulation enabled this large storm to generate a higher storm surge level than Hurricane Camille along the same stretch of coast, even though Camille’s prelandfall winds were slightly stronger than Katrina’s. These results may be useful to the storm surge modeling community, as well as disaster science and emergency management professionals, who will benefit from better understanding the role of tropical cyclone size for storm surge generation.

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