scholarly journals Electricity production from black liquor: a novel integrated system

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Darmawan ◽  
Flabianus Hardi ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Koji Tokimatsu
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electricity Production

scholarly journals Solar energy-assisted frost prevention in horticulture applications: integrated framework and parametric CFD modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Atam ◽  
Se-Woon Hong
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control

Prevention of frost in horticulture is important, but challenging, and its realization,especially using green-energy sources, will have a huge societal impact.In this paper, first we suggest an integrated solarphotovoltaics (PV)-assisted framework where solar energy will be used as a secondary application for frostprevention (the primary application is electricity production for grid). Optimal design and operation ofthe suggested integrated system require detailed thermal modeling of air dynamics in the orchard,integrated system optimization and control tasks. Second, in this paperwe address the first task above: development of a novel, sophisticated parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD)model for orchard air thermal dynamics for different orchard parameters (such as fruit type, climate, the number of trees,their sizes, distance between them, etc.) and boundary/initial conditions.Finally, the use of developed parametric CFD model is demonstrated through a case study to calculate the minimal thermalenergy required to prevent frost under different frost levels in a test apricot orchard located in Malatya, Turkey, which isthe world capital for dry apricot production.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste as a valuable recycled asset for small-scale electricity production in rural communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Valter Silva ◽  
João Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Brito ◽  
Luís Tarelho ◽  
José Luz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biomass Supply

Municipal solid waste provides an opportunity for electricity production. This strategy provides the rural communities a potential waste-to-energy opportunity to manage its costly residues problem, turning them into a valuable recycled asset. To address this issue, a techno-economic study of an integrated system comprising gasification of Acacia residues and Portuguese Municipal Solid Waste (PMSW) with an Internal Combustion Engine-Generator (ICEG) for electricity generation at small-scale (100 kW) was developed. Current studies only devote attention to biomass residues and do not explore MSW potential to eschew biomass supply shortage. Conventional systems are generally part of biomass supply chains, limiting flexibility and all year operation for their operators. Experimental data was gathered at a downdraft gasifier to provide a clear assessment of particle and tar concentration in the syngas and levers conditioning a satisfactory ICE operation. Once the potential of using Acacia residues and PMSW has been proven during gasification runs testing, and validation, a set of new conditions was also explored through a high-fidelity CFD model. We find that residues blends have the highest potential to generate high-quality syngas and smallest exposure to supply disruption. Despite both substrates showing potential at specific conditions, they also present individual drawbacks which will be best mitigated by executing a hybrid supply comprising the mix of substrates. An economic model coupling the financial indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and the payback period (PBP) considering a project lifetime of 25 years was developed. Cost factors include expenses with electricity generation, initial investment, amortizations and operation and maintenance (containing fuels costs). Revenues were estimated from electricity generated and sales to the national grid. A sensitivity analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was used to measure the economic model performance and to determine the risk in investing in such venture. The risk appraisal yielded favorable investment projections, with an NPV reaching positive values, an IRR superior to the discount rate and PBP lower than the project life span. This work allowed to confirm the positive effect of the generation of energy from downdraft gasification plants on a small-scale. Regardless of the project’s feasibility, the economic performance depended to a large extent on the electricity prices which present considerable variability and are subject to political decisions.

scholarly journals Effect of Influent pH and Hydraulic Retention Time on Bioelectricity Generation in an Integrated Acidogenic Reactor and Microbial Fuel Cell Treating Rice Mill Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryama Raychaudhuri ◽  
Manaswini Behera
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Rice Mill Wastewater

Abstract An innovative design approach was employed in the present study to enhance the electricity generation and wastewater treatment in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). A dual-chambered MFC with a ceramic separator was coupled with an acidogenic chamber. Acidogenic bioconversion of rice mill wastewater into volatile fatty acid (VFA) represents an interesting approach for wastewater valorization. The VFA containing effluent could be used as an effective substrate for bioelectricity generation in MFCs. A short hydraulic retention time (HRT) can be used for the two-stage anaerobic process (acidogenesis and electrogenesis), thus preventing the proliferation of methanogens. The effect of pH (5.5–7.5) and HRT (0.5 d–0.75 d) were investigated to understand the influence of operational parameters on the performance of the integrated system. The maximum VFA concentration of 1065.15 ± 5.08 mg COD/L was achieved at pH 7.5 and HRT 0.5 d. Under these operating conditions, the general activity of acid-forming microorganisms and exoelectrogens improved remarkably, and the power density obtained from the system was 4.72 ± 0.10 W/m3. The current research indicates excellent potential for simultaneous treatment and electricity production from rice mill wastewater. The use of low-cost, locally manufactured, and customized membranes and the two-stage treatment can pave the way for the practical application of this technology.

scholarly journals Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Exergoenvironmental Analyses of a Novel Hybrid System to Produce Electricity, Cooling, and Syngas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6453
Author(s):  
Saeed Esfandi ◽  
Simin Baloochzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Asayesh ◽  
Mehdi Ali Ehyaei ◽  
Abolfazl Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Combined System

Efficient solar and wind energy to electricity conversion technologies are the best alternatives to reduce the use of fossil fuels and to evolve towards a green and decarbonized world. As the conventional photovoltaic systems use only the 600–1100 nm wavelength range of the solar radiation spectrum for electricity production, hybrid systems taking advantage of the overall solar radiation spectrum are gaining increasing interest. Moreover, such hybrid systems can produce, in an integrated and combined way, electricity, heating, cooling, and syngas through thermochemical processes. They have thus the huge potential for use in residential applications. The present work proposes a novel combined and integrated system for residential applications including wind turbines and a solar dish collector for renewables energy harvesting, an organic Rankine cycle for power production, an absorption chiller for cold production, and a methanation plant for CH4 production from captured CO2. This study deals with the energy, exergy, economic, and exergoenvironmental analyses of the proposed hybrid combined system, to assess its performance, viability, and environmental impact when operating in Tehran. Additionally, it gives a clear picture of how the production pattern of each useful product depends on the patterns of the collection of available renewable energies. Results show that the rate of methane production of this hybrid system changes from 42 up to 140 Nm3/month, due to CO2 consumption from 44 to 144 Nm3/month during a year. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiencies of this hybrid system vary from 24.7% and 23% to 9.1% and 8%, respectively. The simple payback period of this hybrid system is 15.6 and the payback period of the system is 21.4 years.

scholarly journals Effect of polysulfide pulping process on the energy balance of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp mills

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Lipiäinen ◽  
Katja Kuparinen ◽  
Esa Vakkilainen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills

Abstract Polysulfide pulping is a method to increase the pulp yield in a kraft pulp mill. Higher production is in the core of pulp mill process development, but modifications in cooking raise questions on their effects on the other parts of the process. This study focuses on the impacts of polysulfide pulping on the energy use and production of kraft pulp mills. The impacts are estimated by calculating and analyzing the steam and electricity balances of reference softwood and hardwood mills. Energy generation using residual biomass is an essential part of the operation of a kraft pulp mill, and often a notable source of income. The results show that implementation of polysulfide cooking affects both energy consumption and production. Higher hemicelluloses content of pulp cooked using polysulfide liquor means that less organic material ends up in the black liquor. Subsequently, the recovery boiler energy production suffers. The reduced steam production together with increased steam consumption decreased electricity production, corresponding to a decline in sellable electricity of 22.4 % in the hardwood mill and 28.4 % in the softwood mill. The study shows that increasing the pulp production by investing in polysulfide cooking in stand-alone kraft pulp mills can be economically feasible.

Biomass-Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Capital Costs

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g., wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10 percent of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.

Proposed integrated system from black liquor

2022 ◽  
pp. 107-148
Author(s):  
Arif Darmawan ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Koji Tokimatsu
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Integrated System

Biomass-Gasifier/Gas-Turbine Cogeneration in the Pulp and Paper Industry

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Capital Costs

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion is raising new interest in using renewable biomass for energy. Modest-scale cogeneration systems using air-blown gasifiers coupled to aeroderivative gas turbines are expected to have high efficiencies and low unit capital costs, making them well-suited for use with biomass. Biomass-gasifier/gas-turbine (BIG/GT) technology is not commercial, but efforts aimed at near-term commercialization are ongoing worldwide. Estimated performance and cost and prospects for commercial development of two BIG/GT systems are described, one using solid biomass fuel (e.g. wood chips), the other using kraft black liquor. At an energy-efficient kraft pulp mill, a BIG/GT cogeneration system could produce over three times as much electricity as is typically produced today. The mill’s on-site energy needs could be met and a large surplus of electricity would be available for export. Using in addition currently unutilized forest residues for fuel, electricity production would be nearly five times today’s level. The total cost to produce the electricity in excess of on-site needs is estimated to be below 4 cents per kWh in most cases. At projected growth rates for kraft pulp production, the associated biomass residue fuels could support up to 100 GW of BIG/GT capacity at kraft pulp mills worldwide in 2020 (30 GW in the US). The excess electricity production worldwide in 2020 would be equivalent to 10% of today’s electricity production from fossil fuels.

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