A new fresh water generation system under high vacuum degrees intensified by LNG cryogenic energy

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

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Thin Pyrolytic Graphite Films for Electron Microscope Substrates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065183 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 226-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George H. N. Riddle ◽

Benjamin M. Siegel

Keyword(s):

Vacuum Chamber ◽

Pyrolytic Graphite ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Dark Field ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Graphite Substrate ◽

Nickel Substrate ◽

Routine Procedure ◽

Field Electron Microscopy ◽

Dark Field Electron

A routine procedure for growing very thin graphite substrate films has been developed. The films are grown pyrolytically in an ultra-high vacuum chamber by exposing (111) epitaxial nickel films to carbon monoxide gas. The nickel serves as a catalyst for the disproportionation of CO through the reaction 2C0 → C + CO2. The nickel catalyst is prepared by evaporation onto artificial mica at 400°C and annealing for 1/2 hour at 600°C in vacuum. Exposure of the annealed nickel to 1 torr CO for 3 hours at 500°C results in the growth of very thin continuous graphite films. The graphite is stripped from its nickel substrate in acid and mounted on holey formvar support films for use as specimen substrates.The graphite films, self-supporting over formvar holes up to five microns in diameter, have been studied by bright and dark field electron microscopy, by electron diffraction, and have been shadowed to reveal their topography and thickness. The films consist of individual crystallites typically a micron across with their basal planes parallel to the surface but oriented in different, apparently random directions about the normal to the basal plane.

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A High Voltage Electron Microscopy Study of Sub-Oxide Formation in Vanadium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065110 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 212-213

Author(s):

R. H. Geiss ◽

R. L. Ladd ◽

K. R. Lawless

Keyword(s):

High Vacuum ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Electron Microscopy Study ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Pure Oxygen ◽

Pressure Oxidation ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Oxidation Study ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Good Agreement

Detailed electron microscope and diffraction studies of the sub-oxides of vanadium have been reported by Cambini and co-workers, and an oxidation study, possibly complicated by carbon and/or nitrogen, has been published by Edington and Smallman. The results reported by these different authors are not in good agreement. For this study, high purity polycrystalline vanadium samples were electrochemically thinned in a dual jet polisher using a solution of 20% H2SO4, 80% CH3OH, and then oxidized in an ion-pumped ultra-high vacuum reactor system using spectroscopically pure oxygen. Samples were oxidized at 350°C and 100μ oxygen pressure for periods of 30,60,90 and 160 minutes. Since our primary interest is in the mechanism of the low pressure oxidation process, the oxidized samples were cooled rapidly and not homogenized. The specimens were then examined in the HVEM at voltages up to 500 kV, the higher voltages being necessary to examine thick sections for which the oxidation behavior was more characteristic of the bulk.

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Demonstration of the Use of Tape-Recorded Information from a High Vacuum Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063007 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 218-219

Author(s):

Richard E. Hartman ◽

Roberta S. Hartman ◽

Peter L. Ramos

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Magnetic Tape ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Data Retrieval ◽

Electronic Information ◽

Electronic Data ◽

Subsequent Processing ◽

Continuous Record

We have long felt that some form of electronic information retrieval would be more desirable than conventional photographic methods in a high vacuum electron microscope for various reasons. The most obvious of these is the fact that with electronic data retrieval the major source of gas load is removed from the instrument. An equally important reason is that if any subsequent analysis of the data is to be made, a continuous record on magnetic tape gives a much larger quantity of data and gives it in a form far more satisfactory for subsequent processing.

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