LANGUAGES OF SMALL PEOPLES IN THE ASPECT OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC METHODOLOGY (CASE STUDY OF THE LANGUAGES OF THE PEOPLES OF SIBERIA)

The article is devoted to the development of a combined methodology. We are talking about the process of sociolinguistic study of the languages of small peoples. Most of these idiom languages (in Russia they are concentrated mainly in Siberia) are younger and little-studied (in relation to speech and texts). They need extensive documentation on European standards. Documentation and subsequent processing of the collected material are made using modern technical means: computer technologies and programs. We also believe that other methods of research can be applied to them, including traditional sociolinguistic ones. The article justifies the development of a combined methodology for these languages. The essence of this approach is as follows: using methods and techniques from the arsenal of sociolinguistics, it is necessary to fix specific structural characteristics. The combined presentation of the information of sociolinguistic and structural-semantic plans gives a combined description of the desired linguistic formations as idiom languages. Most idioms of Siberia (in particular, the Soyot language, the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language) have scientific descriptions, but they are not enough. In addition, these languages are not described as idioms in them. Understanding the available materials from this angle will help clarify the ways of developing the languages of small peoples in modern times.

USING A SIXTEEN-CHANNEL EEG RECORDING COMPLEX TO DETECT VARIOUS CHANGES IN THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN FOR FURTHER INTERPRETATION

Проведена апробация изготовленного по материалам открытого проекта шестнадцатиканального мобильного комплекса регистрации электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ). Аппаратно-программный комплекс регистрации ЭЭГ позволяет проводить регистрацию неинвазивным способом 16-ти монополярных ЭЭГ каналов, содержащих биоэлектрические сигналы головного мозга человека. Все составные элементы комплекса регистрации конструктивно расположены на шлеме-основе из твердого пластика. Шлем надевается на голову и удерживает на себе до 32-х вкручивающихся штырьковых электродов, платы электронного устройства регистрации и обработки сигналов, радиопередатчики, аккумуляторные батареи. Регистрируемые сигналы ЭЭГ в режиме реального времени передаются по радиоканалу (стандарт Wi-Fi) на ЭВМ для последующей обработки. Сигналы ЭЭГ, полученные в ЭВМ, подаются в пакет прикладных программ MATLAB для последующей обработки. Сигналы ЭЭГ в ЭВМ формируются в виде стандартных цифровых отсчетов и, соответственно, могут быть переданы в любую программу обработки данных. Сигналы ЭЭГ должны быть подвергнуты математической обработке для выявления определенных состояний головного мозга и формирования паттернов ЭЭГ, служащих ориентирами при подготовке управляющих сигналов на внешние исполнительные устройства. При математической обработке полученных сигналов был проведен анализ частотного состава ЭЭГ, проведены специальные преобразования сигналов и вспомогательные операции для идентификации необходимых паттернов ЭЭГ сигналов. В первую очередь была проведена фильтрация полученных сигналов полосовым фильтром и алгебраической функцией вейвлета Добеши 8-го уровня. Затем были собраны контрольные образцы мозговой деятельности при выполнении трех типов активностей. Обнаружена корреляция между экспериментами и контрольными образцами. Сделанные наработки могут быть использованы для упрощения установки входных параметров искусственных нейронных сетей, применяемых для обработки и анализа сигналов ЭЭГ We carried out the approbation of a sixteen-channel mobile EEG registration complex made based on the materials of an open project. The hardware and software complex for EEG registration allows for non-invasive registration of 16 monopolar EEG channels containing bioelectric signals of the human brain. All the components of the registration complex are structurally located on a helmet-based made of hard plastic. The helmet is put on the head and holds up to 32 screw-in pin electrodes, boards of an electronic device for recording and processing signals, radio transmitters, and batteries. The recorded EEG signals are transmitted in real time via a radio channel (Wi-Fi standard) on a computer for subsequent processing. The EEG signals received in the computer are fed into the MATLAB application software package for subsequent processing. The EEG signals in the computer are formed in the form of standard digital samples and, accordingly, can be transmitted to any data processing program. EEG signals should be subjected to mathematical processing to identify certain states of the brain and form EEG patterns that serve as guidelines for the preparation of control signals to external actuators. During the mathematical processing of the received signals, we analyzed the frequency composition of the EEG, special signal transformations and performed auxiliary operations to identify the necessary EEG signal patterns. First of all, we filtered the received signals by a bandpass filter and an algebraic function of the Daubechy wavelet of the 8th level. Then, we collected control samples of brain activity when performing three types of activities. We found a correlation between the experiments and the control samples. It can be developed to be used to simplify the installation of input parameters of artificial neural networks used for processing and analyzing EEG signals

Numerical calculation of a statically indeterminate frame by the finite element method

A numerical calculation of a statically indeterminate frame with high rigidity elements with the computer program STAB12. EXE using the finite element method is performed. An example of generating the source data for the program STAB12. EXE with subsequent processing of the results of the calculations is given. The features of checking the balance of nodes, rods and the frame as a whole based on the use of values taking into account the signs on the diagrams of torques, longitudinal and transverse forces are described. According to the results of calculations, the computer shows the frame in a deformed state.

Investigation of the parameters of direct laser growing and subsequent processing to obtain a defect-free structure of a material made of a heat-resistant EP648 alloy

This paper presents the development of stable modes of additive technology of direct laser growing, using the starting material - a metal powder made of heat-resistant EP648 alloy of Russian production. The subsequent heat treatment of the manufactured samples was tested in order to avoid the formation of cracks in the structure of the material formed as a result of the presence of internal stresses after surfacing. Recommendations for further research are given.

Chemistry and microbiology in sugar extraction

The stability of the sucrose molecule and the firmness of the tissue structure in the cossettes are of major concern when optimizing the operating conditions for the extraction system. For a given extraction system the retention time is more or less fixed, but the actual pH values and temperatures to be set across the system largely determine the extent to which both sugar gets lost by hydrolysis and the cossette structure deteriorates, particularly by dissolution of pectin. Furthermore, potential sugar loss by microbial infection in the extraction system needs to be controlled too. The influence of the pH value and temperature on these undesirable chemical and microbial reactions will be outlined in this paper, including the consequences for the subsequent processing steps. It can be concluded that the recommended optimal pH values and temperatures for operating the extraction system are a compromise between good and bad.

Production of technological plugs for engine box and oil system using additive technologies

Today, technological plugs designed to protect the internal cavities of parts and assembly units are manufactured using such production methods as casting or stamping. At the same time, their subsequent processing is a time-consuming process. Additive technologies can save material, save time and reduce expenses. This study considers the possibility of manufacturing technological plugs for engine box and oil system using additive technologies. The cover plugs were printed using the Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM) method on a Russian-made ZENIT printer. PLA plastic was chosen for 3D printing. The plug models were optimised, which allowed correcting and reducing the estimated printing time. In particular, some plugs were made assemblable, which helped to avoid a large number of printing supports. The production of technological plugs using additive technology allows reducing the cost of the finished product, the weight of the plugs and the estimated time of their production.

Analyzing Linguistic Features for Classifying Why-Type Non-Factoid Questions

Why-type non-factoid questions are complex and difficult to answer compared to factoid questions. A challenge in finding an accurate answer to a non-factoid question is to understand the intent of user as it differs with their knowledge and also the context of the question in which it is being asked. Predicting correct type of a question and its answer by a classification model is an important issue as it affects the subsequent processing of its answer. In this paper, a classification model is proposed which is trained by a combination of lexical, syntactic, and semantic features to classify open-domain why-type questions. Various supervised classifiers are trained on a featured dataset out of which support vector machine achieves the highest accuracy of 81% in determining question type and 76.8% in determining answer type which shows 14.6% improvement in predicting an answer type over a baseline why-type classifier with 62.2% accuracy.

Problems of reducing loss of agricultural products

Aim. Assess and analyze the structure of agricultural production and the total amount of losses during its transportation, sale and processing. Materials and Methods. The scientific research was based on an assessment of the reported aggregated statistical data on the volume of agricultural production in Russia. Methods of graphic, statistical analysis, methods of analogy and comparison, genesis and synthesis of scientific knowledge were used in the work. Results. The gross volumes of agricultural production were calculated (280 million rubles), the volumes of products sold (8.25 trillion rubles) aimed at personal consumption were determined (81 million rubles), and the total losses of products in the process of their sale and consumption, and transportation to the final consumer were calculated (48 million tons). It was concluded that manufacturers today are actually aimed at exporting raw materials, without its subsequent processing and storage due to the lack of established logistics routes and the necessary capacities for its long-term storage. Recommendations were developed for the development of infrastructure for long-term storage and subsequent processing of agricultural products. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the need to revise the existing system of logistics supplies and transportation of agricultural products from the field to the storage facility or producer. For the successful intensification of the existing process of internal processing of agricultural products, it is necessary to increase the storage and freezing capacities of raw materials.

Using structural priming to test links between constructions: English caused-motion and resultative sentences inhibit each other

Cognitive-linguistic theories commonly model speakers’ grammatical knowledge as a network of constructions related by a variety of associative links. The present study proposes that structural priming can provide psycholinguistic evidence of such links, and crucially, that the method can be extended to non-alternating constructions (i.e., constructions that differ in both form and meaning). In a comprehension priming experiment using the “maze” variant of self-paced reading, English caused-motion sentences were found to have an inhibitory effect by slowing down participants’ subsequent processing of resultatives, and vice versa, providing evidence that speakers store distinct but related representations for the constructions. Priming effects of a similar magnitude emerged in both directions, suggesting that the constructions are bidirectionally related, while not supporting previous claims about a metaphorical asymmetry between the patterns. Moreover, priming was only marginally affected when prime and target contained the same rather than different verbs, demonstrating that cross-constructional priming in comprehension can be observed in the absence of a “lexical boost”. The results raise questions for follow-up research on the role of inhibition in the grammatical network and the extension of structural priming to other types of constructional links.