Effects of best management practices on dry matter production and fruit production efficiency of oil palm

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Tao ◽  
C. Donough ◽  
M.P. Hoffmann ◽  
Y.L. Lim ◽  
S. Hendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Matter Production

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Magnesium on Growth of the Oil Palm

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. V. Corley ◽  
C. K. Mok
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Bunch Yield

SUMMARYPotassium application appeared to increase dry matter production and yield of oil palms, primarily by increasing leaf area, while nitrogen increased both leaf area and net assimilation rate. Responses to phosphorus and magnesium were harder to interpret. Production of vegetative dry matter attained a fairly constant level at the higher rates of fertilizer application, while the ratio of bunch yield to total dry matter production was little affected by fertilizer treatments. The importance of these results for oil palm breeding, and their possible value in diagnosing fertilizer requirements, are briefly discussed.

Yield performance of late-maturing winter canola (Brassica napus L.) types in the High Rainfall Zone of southern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Riffkin ◽  
Trent Potter ◽  
Gavin Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Matter Production

Area and production of canola (Brassica napus L.) in the High Rainfall Zone (HRZ) of southern Australia has increased significantly over the past decade. Varieties available to growers have not been bred specifically for the HRZ and are generally adapted to the drier regions of the cropping belt. Field experiments were conducted at Hamilton in south-west Victoria in 2005, 2006 and 2008 to identify canola traits and management suited to the HRZ of southern Australia. Nine varieties with different reported maturities (winter and spring types) were sown at either two times of sowing and/or under different nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes. Dates of key phenological development were recorded, dry matter was determined at bud, flowering and maturity and grain yield and yield components were determined at harvest. Plant traits and climate data were assessed in relation to grain yield. Yields of the winter types were either significantly (P < 0.05) greater or not significantly less than the spring types in all 3 years and similar to those reported under experimental conditions in Europe. This was despite the winter types flowering up to 35 days later than the spring types and spring rainfall being approximately half that of the long-term average. In general, the winter types had greater early vigour, greater dry matter production at the bud, flowering and maturity stages and were taller than the spring types. Regression analysis showed positive relationships between grain yield and pod density and plant size (dry matter and plant height). Plant size was influenced by variety, time of sowing and N fertiliser application rates. Crops in the HRZ were able to sustain more seeds per pod at larger canopy sizes and pod densities than those achieved in the northern hemisphere. Despite the number of pods per g of dry matter at flowering being nearly double that reported in the UK, there was little apparent reduction in the number of seeds per pod. It is possible that higher solar radiation and warmer minimum temperatures in the HRZ of Australia provide conditions more favourable for growth before, and during grainfill. This indicates that different dry matter production and yield component targets may be appropriate for canola in this environment especially in more typical seasons. It is likely that growers will need to sow new, later maturing varieties earlier and with higher rates of N fertiliser than is current practice in Australia. This study indicates that winter types may have the potential to provide improvements to the yield of canola in the HRZ either through the direct importation of varieties from overseas or through the identification and incorporation of desired traits into existing material. It is recommended that a wider range of germplasm be assessed over a greater geographical area to identify traits and management practices to optimise phenology and canopy structure. This information can be used to help inform breeders on crop improvement priorities as well providing tailored management practices to maximise grain yields for this environment.

DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING IN VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF COTTON BOLLS

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEIYU TANG ◽  
WENJUN XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Lint Percentage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYThe distribution of dry matter among the fractions of cotton boll (the bur, the fibre and the seed) may have significant impact on fibre biomass per boll, and consequently on lint yield. Little is known on how cotton boll allocates available photosynthetic assimilates to its components. A two-year field study was conducted to ascertain the difference in boll dry matter production and partitioning among three cotton genotypes differing in boll size and lint percentage. The dynamics of dry matter production in all fractions of cotton boll against boll age followed a logistic pattern. The final dry weights of all components were largely due to the duration of dry matter exponential accumulation, and less correlated with the maximal rate of exponential accumulation. Partitioning biomass to the bur differed significantly among these genotypes at 10 days post-anthesis (DPA). The genotypic difference in partitioning biomass to the fibre was originally observed at 24 DPA in 2009, while in 2010, this was observed at 17 DPA. The genotypic difference emerged rather late for the seed ratio compared with the fibre ratio and the bur ratio, which was first observed at 45 DPA in 2009 and at 31 DPA in 2010. These results indicate that management practices may need to be applied to cotton plants prior to 31 DPA to ensure optimal boll size and partitioning. Large boll genotype MM-2 consistently maintained higher seed ratio and lower fibre ratio than two other genotypes (2870 and AX) due to more developing ovules in its boll. These differences contributed to significant difference in lint percentage and less difference in fibre mass per boll between MM-2 and 2870 and AX.

scholarly journals Intermittent Irrigation Enhances Morphological and Physiological Efficiency of Rice Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abha Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Matter Production

Abstract The response of rice roots and shoots and their causal relationships affecting yield under varying soil water condition are important related subjects of research. To understand the mechanism of response, studies were conducted using four water treatments: a) intermittent flooding through the vegetative stage (IF-V); b) intermittent flooding extended into the reproductive stage (IF-R); c) no standing water (NSW), maintaining soil at field capacity; and d) continuous flooding (CF) condition at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand. It was observed that the senescence of lower leaf and flag leaf was delayed under IF-V compared to CF water condition. This delay was associated with higher root oxidizing activity (ROA) rate (50% higher than CF), higher root length density (RLD) (52% higher than CF), higher biomass production (14% higher than CF) along with higher grain yield (25% higher than CF). The plants grown under NSW conditions had better growth at later growth stage and better yield performance compared to IF-R because of higher nitrogen availability and higher uptake rate under NSW water conditions (73% higher N uptake). However, under CF water condition the nitrogen availability was not a limiting factor but due to decreased root activity rate the dry matter production and grain yield significantly reduced compared to IF-V water condition. The results suggested that ROA and RLD are linked to shoot response and to dry matter production. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms should assist in achieving improvements in crop productivity through improved crop management practices in water-limiting environment.

scholarly journals Influence of integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK uptake of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-578
Author(s):  
R. Jeyajothi ◽  
S. Nalliah Durairaj
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Npk Uptake

A field investigation was carried out during Rabi season (Pishanam rice) of 2012-2013 at wetland of Central Farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Killikulam, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK uptake of transplanted rice. The treatments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice using the rice variety ADT(R) 45. Among the different integrated nutrient management practices, application of GLM @ 6.25 t ha-1 + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK registered significantly the highest (P<0.01) dry matter production at all the stages (Active tillering; 1690, flowering; 9100 and harvest;14490 kg ha-1). The grain yield was increased, when GLM was integrated with 100 % NPK application (6030 kg ha-1). The grain yield was further increased, when Azophosmet was applied through seed and soil application along with GLM and 100 % NPK (6617 kg ha-1). However, it was on par with application of FYM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK. The same trend was noticed in straw yield also. The uptake of N, P and K nutrients by rice crop at har-vest stages (95.6, 37.7 and 118 kg ha-1) of crop growth was remarkably increased by the application of GLM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK. Among the various nutrient management practices, application of GLM + Azophosmet + 100 % NPK registered superior growth indicators due to the effective utilization of various nutrients and subsequent accumulation of more assimilates which inturn led to improved vegetative growth and higher yield of transplanted rice.

The Effect of Different Planting Densities on Yield Trends in Oil Palm

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Breure
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Production ◽  
Yield Trends

SUMMARYSixteen years' yield and growth data from an oil palm planting experiment, comparing 56, 110, 148 and 186 palms ha−1, and additional records from a progeny experiment, were used to study the effect of palm age and planting density on carbohydrates incorporated in total above-ground dry matter production per palm (TDMc) and its components: fruit bunch yield (Yc) and vegetative growth (VDMc). The canopy efficiency (e), the amount of carbohydrate incorporated in dry matter production per unit of absorbed radiation per hectare, decreased from the fifth to eighth year then levelled off, but increased once crown expansion was completed. The decrease in e paralleled the expansion of the intercepting leaf surface, and might therefore be linked to an increase in maintenance respiration losses. These losses were apparently not compensated for by an increase in photosynthetic production. The subsequent increase in e in older palms appears to have been due to improved light distribution as a result of an increase in light penetration. The effects of changing levels of light interception and distribution on e were more pronounced at higher density, and resulted in marked differences in changes of TDMc with age between densities. Corresponding differences occurred with Yc, so that the optimum density for current yield decreased until 12 to 13 years from planting, then markedly increased. These findings are discussed in relation to the measures which might be used to increase yield per unit area.

Effects of Nipping and Micronutrient Foliar Application on Dry Matter Production, Yield, Agronomic Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake of Short Duration Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan L.) Co(Rg)- 7

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan G ◽  
Gobi R ◽  
A. Balasubramanian ◽  
S. Sathiyamurthi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Matter Production

Abstract Background The productivity of pulse crop is low due to cultivation on agriculturally marginal and sub marginal lands under poor management. So, it needs earnest attention in adaption of desirable production technologies to exploit the yield potential of the pulses and it can be possible by application of fertilizers, nipping and foliar application of nutrients.In this view, aresearch was conducted to studyyield maximization, agronomic efficiency and nutrient uptake pattern with nipping and nutrient management practices in irrigated pigeonpea.Methods Field experiment was conducted at farmer’s field, Palacode, Palacode Taluk, Dharmapuri District.The pigeonpea seeds were sown by adapting a spacing of 45 × 30 cm. Entire dose of N, P2O5 and K2O (25: 50: 25 kg)were applied basally and the foliar spraying of 0.5 per cent Micronutrient mixture was done as per treatment schedule on 30th& 45th days after sowing using Knapsack Sprayer with the spray fluid of 500 lit. ha-1.Results The results revealed that the application of T9 (125% RDF + Nipping + Micronutrient) recorded significantly higher dry matter production, yield and nutrient uptake.The least values were recorded under the treatment T1 (Control).

scholarly journals Integrated nutrient management practices on dry matter production, yield and NPK content of transplanted rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1618-1622
Author(s):  
Takhellambam Sanahanbi Devi ◽  
Herojit Singh Athokpam ◽  
K Nandini Devi ◽  
N Surbala Devi ◽  
N Gopimohan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Matter Production

scholarly journals Closing yield gaps in oil palm production systems in Ghana through Best Management Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 126011
Author(s):  
Tiemen Rhebergen ◽  
Shamie Zingore ◽  
Ken E. Giller ◽  
Charles Adu Frimpong ◽  
Kwame Acheampong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Yield Gaps
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