Economic Burden of ESRD to the Malaysian Health Care System

Background: The head louse infestation is a public health issue in the world especially, affecting most people who live in camps, school-aged children and their families. Head lice treatment has economic ramifications that often under calculated. The aim of this study was evaluation of economic burden associated with head louse infestation in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 500,002 infestations were diagnosed among suspected head lice infested people who referred to health care system in all provinces of Iran during 2017. Direct and indirect costs related to paid by patients and government systems were extracted by referring to accounting documents and interviews with patients and experts and were recorded in researcher-made forms. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for economic burden calculation. Results: The incidence rate of head lice infestation in Iran was 500,002/79,926,270 (625.5 per 100,000 populations). Economic burden of head lice in the country was calculated at 5,790,143$. Direct and indirect costs, governmental cost, out of pocket and total costs of head lice were included 3.14$, 2.84$, 5.98$, 5.60$ and 11.58$ per case respectively. Conclusion: The direct and indirect costs associated with treatment of infestations were relatively high. Therefore, the creation of medical facilities such as availability of diagnostic and treatment strategies can be effective in the control of infestation. The adoption of infestation prevention methods, such as health education to people at risk of infestation, reduces the incidence of head lice and imposition of related treatment costs on governmental health care system and head lice cases.

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The Economic Burden of Nocturia on the U.S. Health Care System and Society: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy ◽

10.18553/jmcp.2019.19191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 1398-1408

Author(s):

Jay Jhaveri ◽

Marjolaine Gauthier-Loiselle ◽

Patrick Gagnon-Sanschagrin ◽

Eric Q. Wu

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care System ◽

National Health ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

The U.S ◽

Care System

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PIN14 ECONOMIC BURDEN OF SEVERE SEPSIS IN A VERTICALLY INTEGRATED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM (IHS)

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2011.02.646 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. A116

Author(s):

Y. Choe ◽

L. Lamerato ◽

M. Zervos ◽

L. Stern ◽

S. Hendlish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Severe Sepsis ◽

Health Care System ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Integrated Health Care ◽

Integrated Health ◽

Integrated Health Care System ◽

Care System

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Economic Costs of Diseases and Deaths Attributable to Tobacco Use in India, 2017–2018

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntaa154 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rijo M John ◽

Praveen Sinha ◽

Vineet Gill Munish ◽

Fikru T Tullu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Survey Data ◽

Health Care System ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Health Expenditures ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Economic Costs ◽

Care System

Abstract Introduction About 28.6% of Indian adults use tobacco. This study estimates the economic burden of deaths and diseases attributable to smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use for persons aged ≥35 years. Methods The National Sample Survey data on healthcare expenditures, the Global Adult Tobacco Survey data on tobacco use prevalence, and relative risks of all-cause mortality from tobacco use were used to estimate the economic burden of diseases and deaths attributable to tobacco use in India, using a prevalence-based attributable-risk approach. Costs are estimated under the following heads: (1) direct medical and nonmedical expenditures; (2) indirect morbidity costs; and (3) indirect mortality costs of premature deaths. Results Total economic costs attributable to tobacco use from all diseases and deaths in India in the year 2017–2018 for persons 35 years or older amount to INR 1773.4 billion (US $27.5 billion), of which 22% is direct and 78% is indirect cost. Men bear 91% of the total costs. Smoking contributed 74% and SLT use contributed 26% of the costs. Conclusions The economic costs of tobacco use amount to approximately 1.04% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP), while the excise tax revenue from tobacco in the previous year was only 12.2% of its economic costs. The direct medical costs alone amount to 5.3% of total health expenditure. The enormous costs imposed on the nation’s health care system due to tobacco use could potentially stress the public health care system and strain the economy and it warrants massive scaling up of tobacco control efforts in India. Implications The study finds that the economic burden from tobacco constitutes more than 1% of India’s GDP, and the direct health expenditures on treating tobacco-related diseases alone accounts for 5.3% of the total private and public health expenditures in India in a year. It shows that, for every INR 100 that is received as excise taxes from tobacco products, INR 816 of costs is imposed on society through its consumption. It establishes that tobacco consumption is a major resource drain on the national exchequer, and its effective regulation through comprehensive fiscal and non-fiscal policies is highly warranted.

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