The impact of election outcome on internal political efficacy: The role of contextual factors

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

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OP71 Understanding Hospitals’ Performance Variability: Conceptual Framework

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462319001296 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

pp. 17-18

Author(s):

Americo Cicchetti ◽

Marco Marchetti ◽

Irene Gabutti ◽

Stefania Boccia ◽

Maria Lucia Specchia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contextual Factors ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Hospital Performance ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Managerial Accounting ◽

Health Technologies ◽

The Impact

IntroductionUnderstanding of the role of contextual factors in determining the real value of health technologies is one of the major challenges for the use of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) methodology within hospitals. Moreover, the responsibility of assessing hospital performance is problematic. Although a number of managerial tools are available to appraise outcomes, there is little evidence on the role of contextual variables and how they might contribute to hospital performance.MethodsBased on three extensive literature reviews, a pragmatic framework has been developed to understand interactions between organizational factors and health technologies on hospitals’ performance. Three main causal relationships emerge: (i) direct relationship between contextual factors and performance; (ii) an effect of contextual factors on the capability of technologies to “produce value”; (iii) an influence of organizational factors on clinical evidence-based decision-making. This pragmatic framework was designed within the IMPACT HTA EU Horizon 2020 Research Project.ResultsThe contextual dimensions are ascribable to five domains: organizational structure; managerial accounting tools; information, communication and technology (ICT) tools; human resource management (HRM) tools; hospital-based HTA procedures. The impact of contextual factors on technologies’ ability to produce value is highly overlooked in literature. Some effort in this sense exists only in the analysis of health information technologies. Moreover, among the contextual dimensions, only HRM tools have inspired a lively debate. The definition of hospital performance is amenable to multiple domains: accessibility, appropriateness, efficiency, safety and patient centeredness (continuity of care).ConclusionsAlthough hospital performance is a pivotal topic in the healthcare sector, a deep understanding of how contextual factors may affect it is missing. The theoretical framework developed provides a tool to understand the multiple dimensions able to affect hospital performance. On one hand contextual dimensions may provide a direct effect on hospital performance. On the other, they may affect the extent to which technologies are capable of producing value.

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Timing is everything: The role of contextual and terrorism-specific factors in the sentencing outcomes of terrorist offenders

European Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/1477370815578194 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 269-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Amirault ◽

Martin Bouchard

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Time Points ◽

Temporal Effect ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Specific Factors ◽

The Impact ◽

Sentencing Outcomes

The punishment of terrorist offenders remains a relatively unexplored topic. Research is especially needed in the United Kingdom in light of the continued criminalization of terrorism-specific offences and the July 2005 bombings. Using a sample of terrorist offenders convicted in the United Kingdom ( n = 156), the current study examines the impact of legislative and incident-based contextual factors on sentencing outcomes. The findings indicate that changing contextual environments significantly affect sentencing outcomes, and that the effects of being adjudicated at different time points have unique implications for offenders motivated by an Islamic extremist ideology. Further, evidence of a temporal effect is uncovered, and the potential of a lingering 9/11 effect is addressed.

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A study of dialogic expansion and contraction in spoken discourse using corpus and experimental techniques

Corpora ◽

10.3366/cor.2016.0092 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nele Põldvere ◽

Matteo Fuoli ◽

Carita Paradis

Keyword(s):

Contextual Factors ◽

Experimental Methods ◽

Appraisal Theory ◽

First Person ◽

British English ◽

Spoken Discourse ◽

New Ideas ◽

The Impact ◽

Dialogic Space

This study examines the dialogic functions of expansion and contraction of first-person epistemic and evidential Complement-Taking Predicate (CTP) constructions, such as I think complement, I suppose complement and I know complement, in spoken discourse. It combines corpus and experimental methods (i) to investigate whether CTP constructions are used to open up the dialogic space for new ideas or counterarguments, or to fend off alternative views, and (ii) to identify what contextual factors play a role in determining the dialogic force of the constructions. First, an exploratory analysis of CTP constructions in the London–Lund Corpus (LLC) of spoken British English is carried out with the aim to identify important contextual factors and generate hypotheses about their dialogic effects. Then, a laboratory experiment is conducted to test the impact of the three most prominent factors for speakers' interpretations of utterances containing CTPs. The results indicate that CTP constructions do not only serve to expand the dialogic context in which they occur, but also to restrict alternative views. Interlocutor status, the co-occurrence of other stance markers and prosodic marking of first-person CTP are shown to have a significant effect on the dialogic function of the expressions. These findings call into question some claims in appraisal theory about the role of CTP constructions in discourse, and highlight the need for a flexible approach to the analysis of these poly-functional stance expressions.

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An exploration of U.S. adults’ information processing skills and political efficacy

Journal of Adult and Continuing Education ◽

10.1177/1477971419852750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 178-202

Author(s):

Leah Katherine Saal ◽

Takashi Yamashita ◽

Donita M Shaw ◽

Kristen H Perry

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Continuing Education ◽

Political Efficacy ◽

Adult And Continuing Education ◽

Cultural Engagement ◽

Education Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Adult And Continuing ◽

The Relationship

As recent debates about the role of social media in election outcomes suggest, understanding the association between information processing skills and political efficacy in the U.S. is a significant inquiry for adult and continuing education. Data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies were used to explore relationships between U.S. participants’ information processing skills and political efficacy. Given the impact of certain demographic characteristics on political efficacy, the study also analyzed whether the relationship between information processing skills and self-reported political efficacy varied across levels of cultural engagement, formal educational attainment, or immigrant status. The results illustrate that higher levels of literacy, numeracy, and problem solving in technology-rich environments are associated with higher political efficacy for U.S. participants. Our research is framed in both cognitive and critical lenses, and we provide implications for practice in adult and continuing education settings.

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Conceptualizing and measuring the impact of contextual factors in instructed SLA – the role of language prominence

IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching ◽

10.1515/iral.2011.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alex Housen ◽

Els Schoonjans ◽

Sonja Janssens ◽

Aurélie Welcomme ◽

Ellen Schoonheere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contextual Factors ◽

The Impact ◽

Instructed Sla

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The relevance of the metaphor of God as Father in a democratic, non-sexist and religious society: An African Christian perspective

STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal ◽

10.17570/stj.2016.v2n1.a14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leepo Modise ◽

Hannelie Wood

Keyword(s):

Contextual Factors ◽

Father Figure ◽

Christian Perspective ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Attributes Of God ◽

Males And Females ◽

God The Father ◽

The Impact ◽

The Given

This article consists of four parts. Firstly, the article indicates the impact of the ancient contextual factors of using Father as an attribute of God. The position and role of males and females in the ancient times is highlighted to give clear background why the human authors of the Scripture made use of the ‘father figure’ as the attribute of God. Secondly, attention is given to the revelation of Scripture that God has revealed God-self and how human writers encode the message to suit their context. Thirdly, the question of the relevancy of using God the Father as an attribute of God within a democratic, non-sexist society, and amidst complicated family lives, is addressed. Fourthly, recommendations are made on the multi-faceted attributes of God that can be used interchangeably within the given context. The article argues that God as Spirit is neither male nor female, but incorporeal, and therefore transcends all creation because God is the creator God and cannot be confined to any gender, colour or race.

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The impact of contextual factors on nursing outcomes and the role of placebo/nocebo effects

PAIN Reports ◽

10.1097/pr9.0000000000000716 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. e716 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alvisa Palese ◽

Giacomo Rossettini ◽

Luana Colloca ◽

Marco Testa

Keyword(s):

Contextual Factors ◽

Nursing Outcomes ◽

Nocebo Effects ◽

The Impact

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Examining the Impact of Contextual Factors in Brand Relationship Initiation and Maintenance: Evidence from Bottom of Pyramid Markets

Review of Marketing Science ◽

10.1515/roms-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 75-97

Author(s):

Shubhomoy Banerjee ◽

Ateeque Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Brand Loyalty ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Brand Trust ◽

Brand Relationships ◽

Relationship Initiation ◽

Bottom Of Pyramid ◽

The Impact ◽

Distribution Intensity

AbstractThis study examines the impact of contextual factors on brand trust, brand loyalty and cross-buying from the perspective of the bottom of pyramid rural consumers in India. Two important contextual factors – distribution intensity and outshopping orientation – were used as the contextual factors. Effects of distribution intensity in the initiation and maintenance of consumer–brand relationships are first examined. Further, it explores the moderating role of in versus outshopping orientation in the formation and maintenance of long-term relationships between consumers and brands in bottom of pyramid markets. Data collected from 478 consumers in three villages in Gujarat, India, were analysed using structural equation modelling technique to test the hypothesized relationships using IBM AMOS 23 software. Distribution Intensity was found to positively influence brand trust. Brand trust was found to mediate the relationships between distribution intensity and brand loyalty and distribution intensity and cross buying. The importance of distribution intensity in relationship initiation was more pronounced for consumers who shopped from local retailers than those who did not. The study underlines the importance of distribution intensity of brands a relationship-based marketing strategy, especially in those products, where the switching costs are low. This study establishes the role of contextual factors in the formation and maintenance of consumer–brand relationships in the bottom of pyramid markets.

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