Currency risk and microcredit interest rates

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh'd Al-Azzam ◽  
Karim Mimouni
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Currency Risk

scholarly journals Effects of Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk on Financial Performance of Non-Banking Companies Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Onesmus Mutunga Nzioka ◽  
Faith M. Maseki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Currency Risk ◽  
Foreign Exchange Risk ◽  
Sales Revenue ◽  
Exchange Risk

The general objective of this study was to establish the effects ofhedging foreign exchange risk on financial performance of non-bankingcompanies listed at the Nairobi securities exchange. A descriptive researchdesign was adopted on the target population of 49 non-banking firms listed atthe NSE. Primary data collected using a questionnaire was used containingboth open and close ended questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS togenerate descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency distribution,measures of central tendencies (mean) and the data was presented in tables.The study conducted multiple regression analysis to establish the extent towhich the hedging techniques affected firm’s performance. The resultsshowed that, taking all factors into account (internal hedging techniques,external hedging technique, inflation and interest rates) performance of nonfinancialfirms would be 0.564. The findings presented further indicated thatinternal hedging had the greatest effect on the firm performance (β = 0.551),Inflation (β = 0.322), External hedging (β = 0.133 while interest rate (β =0.024) had the least effect to the firms performance. However, all thevariables were significant (p<0.05). Hedging techniques affected firm’sperformance i.e. profitability, sales revenue and the cash flow and liquidityposition of the firm. The internal techniques were more effective on theperformance than the external techniques. The four independent variablesstudied accounted for 75.5% of the variations in non-banking firms’performance as represented by the adjusted R2. This therefore means the fourvariables contribute to 75.5% of performance, while other factors not studiedin this research contributes 24.5%. The study recommends that, firmsdevelop a robust foreign exchange risk management framework whichclearly shows its currency risk assessment procedure and implementation of currency risk management strategies. It also recommends that the variousaspects of firm’s financial performance be taken into consideration beforeadopting a particular technique to hedge to protect cash flow, liquidity,profitability and sales revenue.

Cyclical and Persistent Carry Trade Returns and Forward Premia

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham A. Al-Zoubi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Economics ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Risk Premia ◽  
Carry Trade ◽  
Currency Risk ◽  
Excess Returns ◽  
Forward Premium ◽  
Equilibrium Asset Pricing ◽  
Premium Puzzle

We show that carry trade excess returns and forward premia of exchange rates possess persistent and clear business-cycle patterns. Our results contradict the peso model of hedged carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., M. Eichenbaum, I. Kleshchelski, and S. Rebelo, 2011, Do Peso Problems Explain the Returns to the Carry Trade?, Review of Financial Studies 24(3), 853–891.] and the overconfidence model of carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., B. Han, D. Hirshleifer, and T. Y. Wang, 2011, Investor Overconfidence and the Forward Premium Puzzle, Review of Economic Studies 78(2), 523–558.]. Our results support equilibrium asset pricing models and share the habit formation view of [Verdelhan, A., 2010, A Habit-Based Explanation of the Exchange Rate Risk Premium, Journal of Finance 65(1), 123–145.] that requires countercyclical risk premia. In bad times, when risk aversion is high and domestic interest rates are low, investors require positive currency excess returns. Consistent with [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] the cyclicality of excess returns is associated with the cyclicality of forward premia. We find that the persistence in forward premia and excess returns is related to their cyclicality. Our results are robust to the [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2011, Common Risk Factors in Currency Market, Review of Financial Studies 24(11), 3731–3777; Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] high-minus-low (HML) and “dollar carry trade” portfolios.

Neutralizing currency risk in procurement via hedging

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
A.M. Anikieviсh ◽  
N.A. Prodanova
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Currency Risk ◽  
Debt Contracts ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Risk Methodology

The article discusses the concept of currency risk arising in foreign trade procedures and defines currency risk types: operational, translational, economic and hidden risks. The main factors influencing exchange rate are determined: level of inflation, interest rates in different countries, state of current accounts, amount of public debt, terms of trade and political stability. Methods of assessing currency risk using the Value-at-Risk methodology are presented: historical modeling, variancecovariance model, Monte Carlo modeling. Exchange-traded and overthe-counter currency risk management tools, such as options, futures, forwards, swaps, debt contracts, and natural hedging methods, are described in detail. Practical examples of using these tools to neutralize currency risk are also given.

Economic effects of monetary policy in Russia: What do large datasets tell us?

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Pestova ◽  
Natalia A. Rostova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Exchange Rate Regime ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Empirical Estimates

Is the Bank of Russia able to control inflation and, at the same time, manage aggregate demand using its interest rate instruments? In other words, are empirical estimates of the effects of monetary policy in Russia consistent with the theoretical concepts and experience of advanced economies? This paper is aimed at addressing these issues. Unlike previous research, we employ “big data” — a large dataset of macroeconomic and financial data — to estimate the effects of monetary policy in Russia. We focus exclusively on the period after the 2008—2009 global financial crisis when the Bank of Russia announced the abandoning of its fixed ruble exchange rate regime and started to gradually transit to an interest rate management. Our estimation results do not confirm standard responses of key economic activity and price variables to tightening of monetary policy. Specifically, our estimates do not reveal a statistically significant restraining effect of the Bank of Russia’s policy of high interest rates on inflation in recent years. At the same time, we find a significant deteriorating effect of the monetary tightening on economic activity indicators: according to our conservative estimates, each of the key rate increases occurred in March and December 2014 had led to a decrease in the industrial production index by about 0.2 percentage points within a year.

Perspectives on inflation Targeting Regime in Russia

2014 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andryushin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
Financial Account ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Private And Public

The paper analyzes monetary policy of the Bank of Russia from 2008 to 2014. It presents the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators testifying to inability of the Bank of Russia to transit to inflation targeting regime. It is shown that the presence of short-term interest rates in the top borders of the percentage corridor does not allow to consider the key rate as a basic tool of monetary policy. The article justifies that stability of domestic prices is impossible with-out exchange rate stability. It is proved that to decrease excessive volatility on national consumer and financial markets it is reasonable to apply a policy of managing financial account, actively using for this purpose direct and indirect control tools for the cross-border flows of the private and public capital.

Monetary policy regimes in Russia: Guidelines for furtherquantitative studies

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pestova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Exchange Rate Targeting ◽  
Basic Parameters

This paper analyzes the basic parameters of monetary policy in 2000-2015 in Russia. We provide the overview of tools and objectives of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia and identify the periods of homogeneity of monetary policy regimes: from money base targeting to exchange rate targeting and finally, to interest rates policy. On the basis of this research we develop the recommendations for further quantitative research aimed at estimation of monetary policy effects in Russia.

Strategi Pengelolaan Risiko dan Peningkatan Kualitas Pengelolaan Kas Negara

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Agung Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Bond Price ◽  
Hedging Strategy ◽  
Foreign Loan ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Loan Interest Rates

Cash management is  one of treasury’s main functions in which has a potential financial risk. A potential financial risk emerges when State Treasurer manages cash surplus and or/ shortages in order to maintain optimum liquidity. By applying Vector Autoregression (VAR) system on empirical data provided by Bank Indonesia and the Ministry of Finance of Indonesia, we found that currency value  flunctuation is a significant factor for repayment value of foreign loan. Interest rates and amount of government’s bond held by foreign investors are also variables impacted on government’s bond price movement in secondary market. Currency value  flunctuation and price of government’s bond in secondary market are the key factors that have to be considered by State Treasurer (BUN) in managing state’s money. Hedging strategy by using derivatif product is possible to be utilized by State Treasurer (BUN) due to it’s flexibility for short-term operation.   Abstrak Pengelolaan kas negara merupakan salah satu fungsi pokok perbendaharaan yang dalam proses pelaksanaannya menyimpan potensi berbagai risiko keuangan. Risiko keuangan, khususnya dalam investasi berpotensi muncul ketika Bendahara Umum Negara (BUN) melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan kelebihan dan/ kekurangan kas dalam rangka menjamin ketersediaan dan optimalisasi kas. Dengan menggunakan analisis Vector Autoregression (VAR) atas data empiris yang diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia dan Kementerian Keuangan Indonesia, penulis menemukan bahwa fluktuasi nilai tukar mata uang merupakan faktor yang signifikan terhadap besaran pembayaran utang luar negeri pemerintah. Tingkat suku bunga acuan dan pergerakan besaran kepemilikan SUN oleh investor asing juga merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap pergerakan harga SUN di pasar sekunder. Fluktuasi nilai tukar mata uang dan pergerakan harga SUN di pasar sekunder menjadi faktor penting dalam pelaksanaan investasi yang dilakukan BUN dalam rangka pengelolaan kelebihan dan/ kekurangan kas. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, strategi pengelolaan risiko atau hedging dengan menggunakan produk-produk derivatif dalam pengelolaan kelebihan dan/ kekurangan kas jangka pendek – menengah sangat dimungkinkan karena sifat instrumen derivatif yang fleksibel.

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