The double-edge sword effect of interorganizational trust on involvement in interorganizational networks: The mediator role of affective commitment

AbstractIron is vital for many physiological functions, including energy production, and dysregulated iron homeostasis underlies a number of pathologies. Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, and this process has been reported to be involved in multiple diseases. The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are complex, and involve both well-described pathways (including the iron-induced Fenton reaction, impaired antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and novel interactions linked to cellular energy production. In this review, we examine the contribution of iron to diverse metabolic activities and their relationship to ferroptosis. There is an emphasis on the role of iron in driving energy production and its link to ferroptosis under both physiological and pathological conditions. In conclusion, excess reactive oxygen species production driven by disordered iron metabolism, which induces Fenton reaction and/or impairs mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, is a key inducer of ferroptosis.

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Double Edge Sword: The Role of Neutrophils in Tuberculosis

Understanding Tuberculosis - Analyzing the Origin of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Pathogenicity ◽

10.5772/31324 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patricia Gonzlez-Cano ◽

Rommel Chacn-Salinas ◽

Victoria Ramos-Kichik ◽

Rogelio Hernndez-Pando ◽

Jeanet Serafn-Lpez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Double Edge ◽

Double Edge Sword

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Investigating the Effect of Perceived Organizational Support in Breaking the Organizational Silence with Mediator Role of Affective Commitment on Employees of Governmental Offices in Qom

Journal of Ergonomics ◽

10.30699/jergon.8.1.66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

Ebrahim Rahimi ◽

Vahideh Zaheri ◽

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Keyword(s):

Organizational Support ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Perceived Organizational Support ◽

Organizational Silence ◽

Mediator Role

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The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke

Current Neuropharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570159x18666200729101913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Qianyu Shi ◽

Quancheng Cheng ◽

Chunhua Chen

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Physiological Condition ◽

Exact Role ◽

Double Edge ◽

Double Edge Sword ◽

Autophagy Pathway ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

And Function ◽

Glucose Supply

: Autophagy is a strictly regulated process which degrades and recycles long-lived or misfolded proteins and damaged organelles for the maintenance of energy and function homeostasis of cells. Insufficient oxygen and glucose supply caused by cerebral ischemia leads to higher ratio of AMP/ATP, which will activate AMPK pathway to initiate the process of autophagy. Accumulating evidence shows that autophagy participates in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke as a doubleedge sword. However, the exact role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is controversial and yet to be elucidated. In this review, we expounded the autophagy pathway both in physiological condition and in ischemic stroke. We also focused on discussing the double-edge sword effect of autophagy in brain ischemia and its underlying mechanisms. In addition, we reviewed potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke targeting autophagy pathway.

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The Double Edge Sword of Testosterone’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.607179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Johnny S. Younis ◽

Karl Skorecki ◽

Zaid Abassi

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Normal Male ◽

Disease Development ◽

Age Related ◽

Double Edge ◽

Double Edge Sword ◽

Health And Disease ◽

High Level

COVID-19 is a complex disease with a multifaceted set of disturbances involving several mechanisms of health and disease in the human body. Sex hormones, estrogen, and testosterone, seem to play a major role in its pathogenesis, development, spread, severity, and mortalities. Examination of factors such as age, gender, ethnic background, genetic prevalence, and existing co-morbidities, may disclose the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, and mortality, paving the way for COVID-19 amelioration and substantial flattening of the infection curve. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of testosterone through a discussion of the intricate mechanisms of disease development and deterioration. Accumulated evidence suggests that there are links between high level (normal male level) as well as low level (age-related hypogonadism) testosterone in disease progression and expansion, supporting its role as a double-edged sword. Unresolved questions point to the essential need for further targeted studies to substantiate these contrasting mechanisms.

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Engineered Genetic Redundancy Relaxes Selective Constraints upon Endogenous Genes in Viral RNA Genomes

10.1101/323329 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Ambrós ◽

Francisca De la Iglesia ◽

Sttefany M. Rosario ◽

Anamarija Butković ◽

Santiago F. Elena

Keyword(s):

Viral Rna ◽

Deleterious Mutations ◽

Genetic Redundancy ◽

Compensatory Evolution ◽

Double Edge ◽

Double Edge Sword ◽

Evolution Experiment ◽

Endogenous Genes ◽

The One

1AbstractGenetic redundancy, understood as the functional overlap of different genes, is a double-edge sword. At the one side, it is thought to serve as a robustness mechanism that buffers the deleterious effect of mutations hitting one of the redundant copies, thus resulting in pseudogenization. At the other side, it is considered as a source of genetic and functional innovation. In any case, genetically redundant genes are expected to show an acceleration in the rate of molecular evolution. Here we tackle the role of genetic redundancy in viral RNA genomes. To this end, we have evaluated the rates of compensatory evolution for deleterious mutations affecting an essential function, the suppression of RNA silencing plant defense, of tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV). TEV genotypes containing deleterious mutations in presence/absence of engineered genetic redundancy were evolved and the pattern of fitness and virulence recovery evaluated. Genetically redundant genotypes suffered less from the effect of deleterious mutations and showed relatively minor changes in fitness and virulence. By contrast, non-genetically redundant genotypes had very low fitness and virulence at the beginning of the evolution experiment that were fully recovered by the end. At the molecular level, the outcome depended on the combination of the actual mutations being compensated and the presence/absence of genetic redundancy. Reversions to wild-type alleles were the norm in the non-redundant genotypes while redundant ones either did not fix any mutation at all or showed a higher nonsynonymous mutational load.

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The Role of Apoptosis as a Double-Edge Sword in Cancer

10.5772/intechopen.97844 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Reyhaneh Farghadani ◽

Rakesh Naidu

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Apoptotic Cell ◽

Master Regulators ◽

Double Edge ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Cancer Initiation ◽

Double Edge Sword ◽

Apoptotic Pathways

The pathogenesis of many diseases is most closely related to inappropriate apoptosis (either too little or too much) and cancer is one of the situations where too little apoptosis happens, leading to malignant cells that highly proliferate. Defects at any points along apoptotic pathways may lead to malignant transformation of the affected cells, tumor metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Several major molecular mechanisms are involved in the evasion of apoptosis in cancer initiation and progression. Bcl-2 family of proteins and caspases are the central players in the apoptotic mechanism and regulate cell death. Their imperfections cause to the deficient apoptotic signaling and thereby the inadequate apoptosis in cancer cells and eventually carcinogenesis. Strategies targeting these master regulators in carcinoma cells has been a major focus of interest in cancer studies. Therefore, despite being the cause of problem, apoptosis can be targeted in cancer therapy. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of apoptotic cell death and how deficiencies in apoptotic master regulators, caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins, influence carcinogenesis and can be targeted in cancer treatment.

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How CSR and overall service quality lead to affective commitment: mediating role of company reputation

Social Responsibility Journal ◽

10.1108/srj-09-2015-0135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 111-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nil Engizek ◽

Bahar Yasin

Keyword(s):

Service Quality ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Retail Banking ◽

Content Type ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Company Reputation ◽

Mediator Role ◽

Corporate Social

Purpose The paper aims to focus on the relationships among corporate social responsibility (CSR), overall service quality (OSQ), company reputation and affective commitment. It investigates whether service quality or CSR is the primer driver of affective commitment. Also, the mediating role of company reputation was examined. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modelling analysis provided support for the hypotheses from a sample of 522 retail banking consumers in Turkey. Findings Findings show that both CSR and OSQ influence affective commitment through the mediator role of company reputation. Originality/value This study tests and confirms that corporate reputation plays a mediator role along the paths from CSR and OSQ to affective commitment. Also, this study expands the traditional view of CSR’s and OSQ effect on customers and suggests that CSR and OSQ do affect not only company reputation but also affective commitment.

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