Optimization of oleic acid esterification catalyzed by ionic liquid for green biodiesel synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 818-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hafiidz Mohammad Fauzi ◽  
Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Acid Esterification

scholarly journals Sulfonated Carbon Material as An Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis via Oleic Acid Esterification Under High Voltage Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdavi ◽  
Amir hosein Darab
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reusable Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Short Times ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

Sulfonated carbon was used as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel via esterification of oleic acid with methanol under high voltage conditions. Using an inexpensive and reusable catalyst, environmental benignity, excellent yields in short times, synthesis in atmospheric pressure and low temperature conditions are some of the important features of this protocol. In the final results were confirmed by GC.

scholarly journals Acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Shuanglan Hu ◽  
Jianhua Cheng ◽  
Wenyong Lou
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Efficient and Reusable Silica Gel Supported Metal Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Guo Yingwei Guo Yingwei ◽  
Chen Xuedan Chen Xuedan ◽  
Yan Shiting Yan Shiting ◽  
Zhang Zhengliang Zhang Zhengliang ◽  
Chen Yuqin Chen Yuqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Supported Metal

A series of silica gel (SG) supported metal ionic liquid catalysts (x[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG) were synthesized and exploited for the esterification of palmitic acid (PA) with methanol (ML) to produce biodiesel efficiently. The 10%[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG catalyst with high surface area and desirable acidity exhibited the best catalytic performance and reusability after six consecutive running cycles. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: methanol/acid mole ratio = 11:1 mol/mol, catalyst amount = 5.3 wt%, reaction time = 65 min, as well as reaction temperature = 373 K, reaching to a biodiesel yield of 96.1%. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the esterification of PA with ML obeyed 1.41 order kinetics for acid concentration with the activation energy of 16.88 kJ/mol

scholarly journals The Effect of Co-solvent on Esterification of Oleic Acid Using Amberlyst 15 as Solid Acid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Iwan Ridwan ◽  
Mukhtar Ghazali ◽  
Adi Kusmayadi ◽  
Resza Diwansyah Putra ◽  
Nina Marlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Acid Esterification

The oleic acid solubility in methanol is low due to two phase separation, and this causes a slow reaction time in biodiesel production. Tetrahydrofuran as co-solvent can decrease the interfacial surface tension between methanol and oleic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of co-solvent, methanol to oleic acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, and temperature of the reaction to the free fatty acid conversion. Oleic acid esterification was conducted by mixing oleic acid, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and Amberlyst 15 as a solid acid catalyst in a batch reactor. The Amberlyst 15 used had an exchange capacity of 2.57 meq/g. Significant free fatty acid conversion increments occur on biodiesel production using co-solvent compared without co-solvent. The highest free fatty acid conversion was obtained over methanol to the oleic acid molar ratio of 25:1, catalyst use of 10%, the co-solvent concentration of 8%, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The highest FFA conversion was found at 28.6 %, and the steady state was reached after 60 minutes. In addition, the use of Amberlyst 15 oleic acid esterification shows an excellent performance as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic activity was maintained after 4 times repeated use and reduced slightly in the fifth use.

scholarly journals FATTY ACID ESTERIFICATION: EFFECTS OF UNSATURATION AND SYNTHESIS WITH THERMAL HEATING VIA ULTRASON AND MICROWAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 447-462
Author(s):  
M. C. de M. SOUZA ◽  
L. DI SOUZA ◽  
V. P. da S. Caldeira ◽  
A. G. D. SANTOS ◽  
B. ADILSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Homogeneous Acid ◽  
Acid Esterification

With the increasing selective energy demand, fossil fuels are becoming scarce and environmentally incorrect, a viable alternative to this problem being the production of biodiesel. However, the esterification and transesterification reactions used are slow, expensive and ecologically incorrect because they produce polluting waste. Thus, it is necessary to develop techniques, reagents and equipment that make them fast, cheap and environmentally friendly. This work evaluated the performance of the thermal heating, microwave and ultrasonic methods in the esterification efficiency of oleic and stearic fatty acids via homogeneous acid catalysis. The efficiency of the reaction was certificated with the variables: time, yield and conversion and the biodiesel characterization were done with TG / DTG, FTIR and NMR. Conversions were determined by TG and 1H NMR and the yield by gravimetry. The results showed conversion with all methods with differences in the analyzed variables. The yields decrease in the microwave order (52%) conduction (33%) ultrasound (30%) for reactions with oleic acid and are practically the same (22, 22 and 20), independently of the stearic acid. Among the methods used, the most efficient is the microwave, because it has a higher yield in the case of oleic acid and reducing the reaction time.

Efficient and Reusable Silica Gel Supported Metal Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Guo Yingwei Guo Yingwei ◽  
Chen Xuedan Chen Xuedan ◽  
Yan Shiting Yan Shiting ◽  
Zhang Zhengliang Zhang Zhengliang ◽  
Chen Yuqin Chen Yuqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Supported Metal

A series of silica gel (SG) supported metal ionic liquid catalysts (x[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG) were synthesized and exploited for the esterification of palmitic acid (PA) with methanol (ML) to produce biodiesel efficiently. The 10%[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG catalyst with high surface area and desirable acidity exhibited the best catalytic performance and reusability after six consecutive running cycles. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: methanol/acid mole ratio = 11:1 mol/mol, catalyst amount = 5.3 wt%, reaction time = 65 min, as well as reaction temperature = 373 K, reaching to a biodiesel yield of 96.1%. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the esterification of PA with ML obeyed 1.41 order kinetics for acid concentration with the activation energy of 16.88 kJ/mol

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