Efficient and Reusable Silica Gel Supported Metal Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Guo Yingwei Guo Yingwei ◽  
Chen Xuedan Chen Xuedan ◽  
Yan Shiting Yan Shiting ◽  
Zhang Zhengliang Zhang Zhengliang ◽  
Chen Yuqin Chen Yuqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Supported Metal

A series of silica gel (SG) supported metal ionic liquid catalysts (x[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG) were synthesized and exploited for the esterification of palmitic acid (PA) with methanol (ML) to produce biodiesel efficiently. The 10%[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG catalyst with high surface area and desirable acidity exhibited the best catalytic performance and reusability after six consecutive running cycles. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: methanol/acid mole ratio = 11:1 mol/mol, catalyst amount = 5.3 wt%, reaction time = 65 min, as well as reaction temperature = 373 K, reaching to a biodiesel yield of 96.1%. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the esterification of PA with ML obeyed 1.41 order kinetics for acid concentration with the activation energy of 16.88 kJ/mol

Efficient and Reusable Silica Gel Supported Metal Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Guo Yingwei Guo Yingwei ◽  
Chen Xuedan Chen Xuedan ◽  
Yan Shiting Yan Shiting ◽  
Zhang Zhengliang Zhang Zhengliang ◽  
Chen Yuqin Chen Yuqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Supported Metal

A series of silica gel (SG) supported metal ionic liquid catalysts (x[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG) were synthesized and exploited for the esterification of palmitic acid (PA) with methanol (ML) to produce biodiesel efficiently. The 10%[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG catalyst with high surface area and desirable acidity exhibited the best catalytic performance and reusability after six consecutive running cycles. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: methanol/acid mole ratio = 11:1 mol/mol, catalyst amount = 5.3 wt%, reaction time = 65 min, as well as reaction temperature = 373 K, reaching to a biodiesel yield of 96.1%. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the esterification of PA with ML obeyed 1.41 order kinetics for acid concentration with the activation energy of 16.88 kJ/mol

scholarly journals Efficient and Reusable Silica Gel Supported Metal Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Guo Yingwei ◽  
Chen Xuedan ◽  
Yan Shiting ◽  
Zhang Zhengliang ◽  
Chen Yuqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Supported Metal

A series of silica gel (SG) supported metal ionic liquid catalysts (x[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG) were synthesized and exploited for the esterification of palmitic acid (PA) with methanol (ML) to produce biodiesel efficiently. The 10%[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG catalyst with high surface area and desirable acidity exhibited the best catalytic performance and reusability after six consecutive running cycles. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: methanol/acid mole ratio = 11:1 mol/mol, catalyst amount = 5.3 wt%, reaction time = 65 min, as well as reaction temperature = 373 K, reaching to a biodiesel yield of 96.1%. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the esterification of PA with ML obeyed 1.41 order kinetics for acid concentration with the activation energy of 16.88 kJ/mol.

Efficient and Reusable Silica Gel Supported Metal Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Guo Yingwei Guo Yingwei ◽  
Chen Xuedan Chen Xuedan ◽  
Yan Shiting Yan Shiting ◽  
Zhang Zhengliang Zhang Zhengliang ◽  
Chen Yuqin Chen Yuqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Supported Metal

A series of silica gel (SG) supported metal ionic liquid catalysts (x[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG) were synthesized and exploited for the esterification of palmitic acid (PA) with methanol (ML) to produce biodiesel efficiently. The 10%[Bmim]Cl-CrCl3/SG catalyst with high surface area and desirable acidity exhibited the best catalytic performance and reusability after six consecutive running cycles. Based on the response surface analysis, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: methanol/acid mole ratio = 11:1 mol/mol, catalyst amount = 5.3 wt%, reaction time = 65 min, as well as reaction temperature = 373 K, reaching to a biodiesel yield of 96.1%. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the esterification of PA with ML obeyed 1.41 order kinetics for acid concentration with the activation energy of 16.88 kJ/mol

scholarly journals MgO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and applications as a catalyst for organic transformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-108
Author(s):  
Harshal Dabhane ◽  
Suresh Ghotekar ◽  
Pawan Tambade ◽  
Shreyas Pansambal ◽  
Rajeshwari Oza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Product Separation ◽  
Shape Selective ◽  
Catalytic Applications

Currently, the size and shape selective synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and their varied catalytic applications are gaining significant enthusiasm in the field of nanochemistry. Homogeneous catalysis is crucial due to its inherent benefits like high selectivity and mild reaction conditions. Nevertheless, it endures with serious disadvantages of catalysts and/or product separation/recycles compared to their heterogeneous counterparts restricting their catalytic applications. The utilization of catalysts in the form of nano-size is an elective methodology for the combination of merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs are important as they find applications for catalysis, organic transformation, and synthesis of fine chemicals and organic intermediates. The applications of MgO NPs in diverse organic transformations including oxidation, reduction, epoxidation, condensation, and C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S bond formation in a variety of notable heterocyclic reactions are also discussed. The use of MgO NPs in organic transformation is advantageous as it mitigates the use of ligands; the procurable separation of catalyst for recyclability makes the protocol heterogeneous and monetary. MgO NPs gave efficacious catalytic performance towards the desired products due to high surface area. By considering these efficient merits, scientists have focused their attentions towards stupendous applications of MgO NPs in selective organic transformation. In the current review article, we summarized the synthesis of MgO NPs and numerous characterization techniques, whereas the application section illustrates their utility as a catalyst in several organic transformations. We believe this decisive appraisal will provide imperative details to further advance the application of MgO NPs in selective catalysis.

scholarly journals MIL-101(Cr) for CO2 Conversion into Cyclic Carbonates, Under Solvent and Co-Catalyst Free Mild Reaction Conditions

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Emmanuelia Akimana ◽  
Jichao Wang ◽  
Natalya V. Likhanova ◽  
Somboon Chaemchuen ◽  
Francis Verpoort
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Strong Acid Sites

Mild reaction conditions (nearly room temperature and atmospheric CO2 pressure) for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates were investigated applying MIL-101(Cr) as a catalyst. The MIL-101 catalyst contains strong acid sites, which promote the ring-opening of the epoxide substrate. Moreover, the high surface area, enabling the adsorption of more CO2 (substrate), combined with a large pore size of the catalyst is essential for the catalytic performance. Additionally, epoxide substrates bearing electron-withdrawing substituents or having a low boiling point demonstrated an excellent conversion towards the cyclic carbonates. MIL-101(Cr) for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with epoxides is demonstrated to be a robust and stable catalyst able to be re-used at least five times without loss in activity.

scholarly journals Catalytic Activity of High-Surface-Area Amorphous MgO Obtained from Upsalite

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Marek Gliński ◽  
Ewa M. Iwanek (nee Wilczkowska) ◽  
Urszula Ulkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Czajka ◽  
Zbigniew Kaszkur
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Main Product ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction

The first aim of the research was to synthesize a pure Upsalite, which is an amorphous form of MgCO3, by modifying a procedure described in the literature, so that it would be the precursor of a high-surface, amorphous magnesium oxide. The results indicate that within the studied reaction conditions, the type of alcohol used as the reactant has the most pronounced effect on the yield of reaction. From the two alcohols that led to the highest yield of Upsalite, methanol gave a substantially larger surface area (794 vs. 191 m2 g−1). The optimized synthesis conditions of Upsalite were used to obtain MgO via thermolysis, whose activity in the transfer hydrogenation reaction (THR) from ethanol, 2-propanol and 2-pentanol to various carbonyl compounds was determined. The optimal conditions for the thermolysis were as follows: vacuum, T = 673 K as the final temperature, and a heating rate of 2 deg min−1. The high-surface, amorphous magnesia (SBET = 488 m2 g−1) was found to be a very selective catalyst to 4-t-butylcyclohexanone in THR, which led to a diastereoselectivity of over 94% to the E-isomer of 4-t-butylcyclohexanol for more than 3 h, with conversions of up to 97% with either 2-propanol or 2-pentanol as the hydrogen donor. In the case of acrolein and 2-n-propylacrolein being used as the hydrogen acceptors, the unsaturated alcohol (UOL) was the main product of the reaction, with higher UOL yields noted for ethanol than 2-propanol.

scholarly journals High surface area nitrogen-functionalized Ni nanozymes for efficient peroxidase-like catalytic activity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257777
Author(s):  
Anuja Tripathi ◽  
Kenneth D. Harris ◽  
Anastasia L. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Ammonia Plasma

Nitrogen-functionalization is an effective means of improving the catalytic performances of nanozymes. In the present work, plasma-assisted nitrogen modification of nanocolumnar Ni GLAD films was performed using an ammonia plasma, resulting in an improvement in the peroxidase-like catalytic performance of the porous, nanostructured Ni films. The plasma-treated nanozymes were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, revealing a nitrogen-rich surface composition. Increased surface wettability was observed after ammonia plasma treatment, and the resulting nitrogen-functionalized Ni GLAD films presented dramatically enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity. The optimal time for plasma treatment was determined to be 120 s; when used to catalyze the oxidation of the colorimetric substrate TMB in the presence of H2O2, Ni films subjected to 120 s of plasma treatment yielded a much higher maximum reaction velocity (3.7⊆10−8 M/s vs. 2.3⊆10−8 M/s) and lower Michaelis-Menten coefficient (0.17 mM vs. 0.23 mM) than pristine Ni films with the same morphology. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of the nanozyme in a gravity-driven, continuous catalytic reaction device. Such a controllable plasma treatment strategy may open a new door toward surface-functionalized nanozymes with improved catalytic performance and potential applications in flow-driven point-of-care devices.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Bioreactors: An Electrochemical Perspective

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Simin Arshi ◽  
Mehran Nozari-Asbemarz ◽  
Edmond Magner
Keyword(s):  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Enzyme Cascades

Biocatalysts provide a number of advantages such as high selectivity, the ability to operate under mild reaction conditions and availability from renewable resources that are of interest in the development of bioreactors for applications in the pharmaceutical and other sectors. The use of oxidoreductases in biocatalytic reactors is primarily focused on the use of NAD(P)-dependent enzymes, with the recycling of the cofactor occurring via an additional enzymatic system. The use of electrochemically based systems has been limited. This review focuses on the development of electrochemically based biocatalytic reactors. The mechanisms of mediated and direct electron transfer together with methods of immobilising enzymes are briefly reviewed. The use of electrochemically based batch and flow reactors is reviewed in detail with a focus on recent developments in the use of high surface area electrodes, enzyme engineering and enzyme cascades. A future perspective on electrochemically based bioreactors is presented.

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