scholarly journals Energy recovery from the water cycle: Thermal energy from drinking water

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Peter van der Hoek ◽  
Stefan Mol ◽  
Sara Giorgi ◽  
Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Cycle

Energy from the water cycle: a promising combination to operate climate neutral

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
And Control

Waternet, the first water cycle company in the Netherlands, is responsible for drinking water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, and watersystem management and control in and around Amsterdam. Waternet has the ambition to operate climate neutral in 2020. To realise this ambition, measures are required to compensate for the emission of 53,000 ton CO2-eq/year. Energy recovery from the water cycle looks very promising. From wastewater, ground water, surface water and drinking water, all elements of the water cycle, renewable energy can be recoverd. This can be thermal energy and chemical energy. First calculations reveal that energy recovery from the water cycle in and around Amsterdam can contribute to a total reduction in green house gas emissions up to 148,000 ton CO2-eq/year. The challenge for the coming years is to choose robust combinations of all the possibilities to fulfil the energy demand at any time. Only then the use of fossil fuel can be abandoned and the target of operating climate neutral in 2020 can be reached.

scholarly journals Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Peter van der Hoek ◽  
Stefan Mol ◽  
Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Gertjan Medema
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery

Towards a climate neutral water cycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Peter van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
System Management ◽  
And Control

Waternet, the first water cycle company in the Netherlands, is responsible for drinking water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, and water system management and control in and around Amsterdam. Waternet has the ambition to become climate neutral in 2020. To realise this ambition, measures are required to compensate for the emission of 53,000 t CO2-eq/year. Energy recovery from the water cycle looks very promising. From wastewater, ground water, surface water and drinking water, all elements of the water cycle, renewable energy can be recovered. This can be thermal energy and chemical energy. First calculations reveal that energy recovery from the water cycle in and around Amsterdam can contribute to a total reduction in greenhouse gas emissions up to 74,900 t CO2-eq/year. The challenge for the coming years is to choose robust combinations of all the possibilities to fulfil the energy demand at any time. Only then can the use of fossil fuel be abandoned and the target of becoming climate neutral in 2020 be reached.

Opportunities for public water utilities in the market of energy from water

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2909-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. M. Mol ◽  
J. M. Kornman ◽  
A. J. Kerpershoek ◽  
A. W. C. van der Helm
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Flows

An inventory is made of the possibilities to recover sustainable energy from the water cycle by identifying different water flows in a municipal environment as a sustainable energy source. It is discussed what role public water utilities should play in the market of energy from water. This is done for Waternet, the public water utility of Amsterdam, by describing experiences on two practical applications for aquifer thermal energy storage and energy recovery from drinking water. The main conclusion is that public water utilities can substantially contribute to the production of sustainable energy, especially by making use of heat and cold from the water cycle. Public water utilities have the opportunity to both regulate and enter the market for energy from water.

scholarly journals Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Sara Giorgi ◽  
Ljiljana Zlatanovic ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ghg Emission

Drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs) have a huge potential for cold thermal energy recovery (TED). TED can provide cooling for buildings and spaces with high cooling requirements as an alternative for traditional cooling, reduce usage of electricity or fossil fuel, and thus TED helps reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is no research on the environmental assessment of TED systems, and no standards are available for the maximum temperature limit (Tmax) after recovery of cold. During cold recovery, the water temperature increases, and water at the customer’s tap may be warmer as a result. Previous research showed that increasing Tmax up to 30 °C is safe in terms of microbiological risks. The present research was carried out to determine what raising Tmax would entail in terms of energy savings, GHG emission reduction and water temperature dynamics during transport. For this purpose, a full-scale TED system in Amsterdam was used as a benchmark, where Tmax is currently set at 15 °C. Tmax was theoretically set at 20, 25 and 30 °C to calculate energy savings and CO2 emission reduction and for water temperature modeling during transport after cold recovery. Results showed that by raising Tmax from the current 15 °C to 20, 25 and 30 °C, the retrievable cooling energy and GHG emission reduction could be increased by 250, 425 and 600%, respectively. The drinking water temperature model predicted that within a distance of 4 km after TED, water temperature resembles that of the surrounding subsurface soil. Hence, a higher Tmax will substantially increase the TED potential of DWDN while keeping the same comfort level at the customer’s tap.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Djordje Mitrovic ◽  
Miguel Crespo Chacón ◽  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Scale Assessment

Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.

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