Exploring the effects of temperature on intrinsic permeability and void ratio alteration through temperature-controlled experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 106299
Author(s):  
Mohammad Joshaghani ◽  
Omid Ghasemi-Fare
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. YANG ◽  
M. L. G. MACORIS ◽  
K. C. GALVANI ◽  
M. T. M. ANDRIGHETTI ◽  
D. M. V. WANDERLEY

SUMMARYDengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The incidence of dengue disease shows a clear dependence on seasonal variation. How does the temperature affect the incidence? We addressed this question indirectly by estimating the size of the A. aegypti population for different temperatures applying population dynamics theory. In order to achieve this objective we designed temperature-controlled experiments to assess the entomological parameters regarding the mosquito's life-cycle at different temperatures. By obtaining the mortality, transition and oviposition rates for different stages of the life-cycle of the mosquito we were able to calculate the basic offspring number Q0, which is the capacity of vector reproduction and ultimately gives the size of the vector population.


1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Steinke ◽  
A P Shepherd

Abstract The optical absorbance spectra of oxy-, carboxy-, and deoxyhemoglobin were recorded at wavelengths from 479 to 651 nm and at temperatures of 20, 30, and 40 degrees C. As noted in earlier reports, a major effect of lowering the temperature was an increase in the absorptivities at or near the absorbance maxima. However, at other wavelengths, reducing the temperature increased, decreased, or caused no change in absorbance. At wavelengths where temperature-induced shifts did occur, the absorbance change appeared to be a linear function of temperature. Unlike previous reports, the data presented here are quantitative and thus can be used to predict temperature-induced errors in spectrophotometric measurements of the relative concentrations of these hemoglobin species. Examples are given of the error that would occur in a widely used CO-Oximeter, the IL482, if it were not temperature controlled. Thus, the data presented here should be particularly useful to the operators and designers of spectrophotometric instruments such as oximeters, CO-Oximeters, and hemoglobinometers.


1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1257-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Sawchyn ◽  
N. S. Church

Lestes disjunctus, L. unguiculatus, and L. dryas diapause late in embryogenese when the embryo is almost fully formed. Lestes congener enters diapause just before blastokinesis. Lestes disjunctus, L. unguiculatus, and L. congener undergo a primarily temperature-controlled phase of diapause development, which proceeds most rapidly at 10 °C. In the field it is completed in most eggs by the end of October in L. disjunctus and L. unguiculatus, and by the end of November in L. congener. Subsequent development in L. disjuncius and L. unguiculatus is inhibited by photoperiods shorter than 12 to 14 h. There apparently is some overlap between the temperature- and photoperiod-controlled phases. The inhibitory effects of short photoperiods gradually disappear during the winter. In L. congener there is no significant photoperiod-controlled second phase of diapause. Diapause development in L. dryas probably is similar to that in L. disjunctus and L. unguiculatus.


Author(s):  
William S. Galinaitis ◽  
Daniel S. Joseph ◽  
Robert C. Rogers

Abstract In this paper we consider the abstract mathematical problem of identifying a Preisach operator from idealized training data. We give sufficient conditions on the training data to identify an optimal approximation to the operator. We also show that it is possible to introduce errors if one tries to approximate the operator in the “wrong” function space. We demonstrate the utility of these results using experimental data from SMA wires. We identify the optimal operator using this data and evaluate the performance of the operator in temperature controlled experiments.


Author(s):  
Chun Zheng Ng ◽  
Yen Loong Lean ◽  
Khairulanwar Husain ◽  
Vijay Kotra ◽  
Long Chiau Ming

Evidence has shown widespread failure to comply with standard recommendations for proper vaccine handling. The objective of this research is to examine the cold chain temperature maintenance for the supply of vaccines and other biological products by the pharmaceutical wholesaler. A study has shown that the packaging method and the material of the container are the most crucial part in the effectiveness of cold chain temperature maintenance. A total of ten vials of anti-tetanus vaccine were used as model vaccines in all six configurations. In this study, six different configurations using a container with different materials, insulation material, size, coolant-packs were used to simulate the configuration used by the pharmaceutical wholesaler and to study the impact of a number of coolant-pack. Each configuration was tested for five times over 24 hours using a large incubator set at 38°C. All four configurations are effective in cold chain transportation with a minimum of 13.5 hours of maintaining the desired temperature range of 2-8ºC, whereas both controlled experiments that were designed to study the impact on a number of coolant-pack used in Configuration 1 and 2 were not effective for cold chain transportation. This study has shown that Configuration 1 is the most effective configuration among 6 configurations in maintaining the desired temperature range during transportation, and correlation study has proven that no or very little correlation between internal and external temperature for all 6 configurations.  


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