A new method for assessing the contribution of Primary Biological Atmospheric Particles to the mass concentration of the atmospheric aerosol

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Perrino ◽  
Francesca Marcovecchio
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
New Method

scholarly journals A new method for estimating aerosol mass flux in the urban surface layer using LAS technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1925-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renmin Yuan ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
Jianning Sun ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Yunfei Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
New Method ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Concentration ◽  
Transport Flux

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol greatly influences human health and the natural environment, as well as the weather and climate system. Therefore, atmospheric aerosol has attracted significant attention from society. Despite consistent research efforts, there are still uncertainties in understanding its effects due to poor knowledge about aerosol vertical transport caused by the limited measurement capabilities of aerosol mass vertical transport flux. In this paper, a new method for measuring atmospheric aerosol vertical transport flux is developed based on the similarity theory of surface layer, the theory of light propagation in a turbulent atmosphere, and the observations and studies of the atmospheric equivalent refractive index (AERI). The results show that aerosol mass flux can be linked to the real and imaginary parts of the atmospheric equivalent refractive index structure parameter (AERISP) and the ratio of aerosol mass concentration to the imaginary part of the AERI. The real and imaginary parts of the AERISP can be measured based on the light-propagation theory. The ratio of the aerosol mass concentration to the imaginary part of the AERI can be measured based on the measurements of aerosol mass concentration and visibility. The observational results show that aerosol vertical transport flux varies diurnally and is related to the aerosol spatial distribution. The maximum aerosol flux during the experimental period in Hefei City was 0.017 mg m−2 s−1, and the mean value was 0.004 mg m−2 s−1. The new method offers an effective way to study aerosol vertical transport in complex environments.

scholarly journals A new method for estimating aerosol mass flux in the urban surface layer by LAS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Yuan ◽  
T. Luo ◽  
J. N. Sun ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Y. F. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
New Method ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Aerosol Mass Concentration ◽  
Transport Flux

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol has a great influence on human health and the natural environment as well as the weather and climate system. Therefore, atmospheric aerosol has attracted significant attention from the society as a whole. Despite consistent research efforts, there are still uncertainties in our understanding of its effects due to poor knowledge of aerosol vertical transport caused by our limited measurement capability of aerosol mass vertical transport flux. In this paper, a new method for measuring atmospheric aerosol vertical transport flux is developed based on the similarity theory of surface layer. The theoretical results show that aerosol mass flux can be linked to the real and imaginary parts of the atmospheric equivalent refractive index structure parameter (AERISP), and the ratio of aerosol mass concentration to the imaginary part of the atmospheric equivalent refractive index (AERI). The real and imaginary parts of AERISP can be measured based on the light propagation theory. The ratio of aerosol mass concentration to the imaginary part of AERI can be measured based on the measurements of aerosol mass concentration and visibility. The observational results show that aerosol vertical transport flux varies diurnally and is related to the aerosol spatial distribution. The maximum aerosol flux during the experimental period in Hefei City was 0.017 mgm−2s−1, and the mean value was 0.004 mgm−2s−1. The new method offers an effective way to study aerosol vertical transport over complex environments.

scholarly journals Atmospheric sub-3 nm particles at high altitudes

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 19435-19470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mirme ◽  
A. Mirme ◽  
A. Minikin ◽  
A. Petzold ◽  
U. Hõrrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Ion Clusters ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Atmospheric Clusters

Abstract. Formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles is known to occur almost all over the world and the importance of these particles to climate and air quality has been recognized. Recently, it was found that atmospheric aerosol formation begins at particle diameter of around 1.5–2.0 nm and a pool of sub-3 nm atmospheric particles – consisting of both charged and uncharged ones – was observed at the ground level. Here, we report on the first airborne observations of the pool of sub-3 nm neutral atmospheric particles. Between 2 and 3 nm, their concentration is roughly two orders of magnitude larger than that of the ion clusters, depending slightly on the altitude. Our findings indicate that new particle formation takes place actively throughout the tropospheric column up to the tropopause. Particles were found to be formed via neutral pathways in the boundary layer, and there was no sign of an increasing role by ion-induced nucleation toward the upper troposphere. Clouds, while acting as a source of sub-10 nm ions, did not perturb the overall budget of atmospheric clusters or particles.

scholarly journals Determination of Cysteine by Discoloration Spectrophotometry using Copper(II)-Bis-Cyclohexanone Oxalydihydrazone

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Changqing Tu ◽  
Xinrong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
New Method ◽  
Chromogenic Reagent ◽  
Maximum Absorption Wavelength

In the alkaline medium of pH=9.18, Cu2+ can be reduced to Cu+ by the sulfhydryl (-SH) of cysteine, and it result in the decrease the amount of Cu2+ in the system. The decrement of Cu2+ is directly proportional to the addition of cysteine, then using bis-cyclohexanone oxalyldihydrazone (BCO) as chromogenic reagent for Cu2+ to determinate the content of cysteine indirectly by discoloration spectrophotometry. A new method for the determination of cysteine by discoloration spectrophotometry using Copper(II)-BCO has been established. The influencing factors of the determination of cysteine is investigated. The results show that the maximum absorption wavelength of chromogenic system was 602 nm, in the range of 0.008000~0.06800 mg/mL, the linear relationship between the decrease of absorbance and the mass concentration of methimazol is A=0.2162+2.4824C (mg/mL), and the linear correlation coefficient is r=0.9959. The method has been applied to the determination of cysteine in food, and the results are basically consistent with those determined by pharmacopoeial method.

scholarly journals A Method to Generate Experimental Aerosol with Similar Particle Size Distribution to Atmospheric Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Jianlin Ren ◽  
Junjie He ◽  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Junjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wide Range

The SARS-CoV virus spreads in the atmosphere mainly in the form of aerosols. Particle air filters are widely used in indoor heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and filtration equipment to reduce aerosol concentration and improve indoor air quality. Requirements arise to rate filters according to their mass-based filtration efficiency. The size distribution of test aerosol greatly affects the measurement results of mass-based filtration efficiency and dust loading of filters, as well as the calibration of optical instruments for fine-particle (PM2.5) mass concentration measurement. The main objective of this study was to find a new method to generate a chemically nontoxic aerosol with a similar particle size distribution to atmospheric aerosol. We measured the size distribution of aerosols generated by DEHS (di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacate), PSL (poly-styrene latex), olive oil, and 20% sucrose solution with a collision nebulizer in a wide range of 15 nm–20 μm. Individually, none of the solutions generated particles that share a similar size distribution to atmospheric aerosol. We found that the 20% sucrose solution + olive oil mixture solution (Vss:Voo = 1:2) could be used to generate a chemically nontoxic aerosol with similar particle number/volume size distribution to the atmospheric aerosol (t-test, p < 0.05). The differences in the mass-base filtration efficiency measured by the generated aerosol and the atmospheric aerosol were smaller than 2% for MERV 7, 10, 13, and 16 rated filters. The aerosol generated by the new method also performed well in the calibration of optical-principle-based PM2.5 concentration measurement instruments. The average relative difference measured by a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and a Dusttrak Model 8530 (calibrated by aerosol generated by the new method) was smaller than 5.8% in the real-situation measurement.

Multiphase buffer theory explains contrasts in atmospheric aerosol acidity

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6509) ◽  
pp. 1374-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Zheng ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Siwen Wang ◽  
Meinrat O. Andreae ◽  
Ulrich Pöschl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Aerosol Acidity ◽  
Conjugate Acid ◽  
Buffering Agent

Aerosol acidity largely regulates the chemistry of atmospheric particles, and resolving the drivers of aerosol pH is key to understanding their environmental effects. We find that an individual buffering agent can adopt different buffer pH values in aerosols and that aerosol pH levels in populated continental regions are widely buffered by the conjugate acid-base pair NH4+/NH3 (ammonium/ammonia). We propose a multiphase buffer theory to explain these large shifts of buffer pH, and we show that aerosol water content and mass concentration play a more important role in determining aerosol pH in ammonia-buffered regions than variations in particle chemical composition. Our results imply that aerosol pH and atmospheric multiphase chemistry are strongly affected by the pervasive human influence on ammonia emissions and the nitrogen cycle in the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals In situ measurement of atmospheric particles mass concentration in Anshan

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Yangfeng Wang ◽  
Yanjun Ma ◽  
Zhongyan Lu ◽  
Hongxu Ma ◽  
Yunhai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
In Situ Measurement

Study on Concentration Characteristics of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in Harbin

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 416-419
Author(s):  
Li Kun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Secondary Standard ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Concentration Characteristic ◽  
The Eu

In order to investigate the concentration characteristic of atmospheric particles, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were collected in July 2008 to June 2010. This study investigates the mass concentration of atmospheric particles in each month. The results show the three particle concentrations reached the lowest value in July, while the peak in January. Compared with the national secondary standard, TSP and PM10 were exceeded in January, February, March, April, November, and December and PM2.5 concentrations is above 2 to 8 times of the EU standard (15 μg/m3). Fine particles (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM2. 5-10) are major component of atmospheric particles. The mass concentration of atmospheric particles on day is higher than at night in major months and lower in May and June. However, it is not obvious in July, August and September.

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