Study on Concentration Characteristics of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in Harbin

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 416-419
Author(s):  
Li Kun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Secondary Standard ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Concentration Characteristic ◽  
The Eu

In order to investigate the concentration characteristic of atmospheric particles, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were collected in July 2008 to June 2010. This study investigates the mass concentration of atmospheric particles in each month. The results show the three particle concentrations reached the lowest value in July, while the peak in January. Compared with the national secondary standard, TSP and PM10 were exceeded in January, February, March, April, November, and December and PM2.5 concentrations is above 2 to 8 times of the EU standard (15 μg/m3). Fine particles (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM2. 5-10) are major component of atmospheric particles. The mass concentration of atmospheric particles on day is higher than at night in major months and lower in May and June. However, it is not obvious in July, August and September.

scholarly journals Properties of Particulate Matter in the Air of the Wieliczka Salt Mine and Related Health Benefits for Tourists

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Karolina Bralewska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ◽  
Dominika Mucha ◽  
Artur Jerzy Badyda ◽  
Magdalena Kostrzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Internal Sources

This study aimed to evaluate the mass concentration of size-resolved (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PM100) particulate matter (PM) in the Wieliczka Salt Mine located in southern Poland, compare them with the concentrations of the same PM fractions in the atmospheric air, and estimate the dose of dry salt aerosol inhaled by the mine visitors. Measurements were conducted for 2 hours a day, simultaneously inside (tourist route, passage to the health resort, health resort) and outside the mine (duty-room), for three days in the summer of 2017 using DustTrak DRX devices (optical method). The highest average PM concentrations were recorded on the tourist route (54–81 µg/m3), while the lowest was in the passage to the health resort (49–62 µg/m3). At the same time, the mean outdoor PM concentrations were 14–20 µg/m3. Fine particles constituting the majority of PM mass (68–80%) in the mine originated from internal sources, while the presence of coarse particles was associated with tourist traffic. High PM deposition factors in the respiratory tract of children and adults estimated for particular mine chambers (0.58–0.70), the predominance of respirable particles in PM mass, and the high content of NaCl in PM composition indicate high health benefits for mine visitors.

Observational Study on Atmospheric Particles Mass Concentration in Fushun in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1580-1585
Author(s):  
Yang Feng Wang ◽  
Yan Jun Ma ◽  
Zhong Yan Lu ◽  
Ning Wei Liu ◽  
Yun Hai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
The Mean

The variations of the atmospheric particles mass concentration, their pollution condition, and their relationships to visibility and wind speed have been studied by using the continuous concentration data of monitoring instrument GRIMM180 from Fushun air component monitoring station in 2009. The results show that the mean mass concentrations about PM10 and PM2.5 are respectively 0.073 ㎎/m3 and 0.048 ㎎/m3, and their daily average concentration has a large variation range. The ratio above air quality standard about PM10 daily average concentration is 5.9%, and the atmospheric particles exist mainly in the form of fine particles. The atmospheric particles mass concentration and the visibility show negative correlation, and the finer the particles are, the more they affect visibility. In general, the atmospheric particles mass concentration will gradually decrease with the rising of the wind speed. When the wind speed is more than 1.0 m/s, there is an obvious dilution effect on particles mass concentration, and when larger than 4.5 m/s, the relevance is not highly apparent.

scholarly journals Study of Combustion Characteristics of Carbon Particles Clouds

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
S. G. Orlovska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Surface Burning ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
The Mean

High temperature heat and mass transfer and chemical kinetics are modeled in polydisperse cloud of coal particles taking into consideration reactions in pores and Stefan flow at the surface. Burning characteristics are calculated of bimodal aerosol, with the assumption of equal mass concentration of two fractions with two or three-fold difference between the mean particles diameters. It is shown that ignition delay of coarse particles in bimodal aerosol is significantly less than that of equal size particles in monodisperse aerosol. Also a burning time of fine particles is substantially less in bimodal aerosol. It is demonstrated that burning temperature is higher in case of bimodal aerosol in comparison with monodisperse one.

Size Distribution and Elemental Characteristics of Atmospheric Particles during Winter in Harbin

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1345-1348
Author(s):  
Li Kun Huang ◽  
Guang Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Proportional Relationship

In order to investigate the characteristic of atmospheric particles, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were collected in winter and non-winter. This study investigates the size distribution and elemental characteristics of atmospheric particles. The results show that PM2.5 makes a great contribution to TSP, which changes with the concentration of TSP. PM2.5/ PM10 specially reaches the highest value, increased from 53.5% to 87.2%. It can indicate that the main pollution sources are fine particles from man-made pollution. Others, PM2.5/TSP and TSP are not strictly proportional relationship. The concentration of the elements in TSP is higher than in PM2.5, which are primarily present in coarse particles. While the contribution of S is the highest among them, in particular the contribution of S in PM2.5 reaches 33.8%. This is mainly due to coal-fired in winter, and fine particulate accounts for large percentage in coal dust.

scholarly journals Contribution of Fine Particles to Air Emission at Different Phases of Biomass Burning

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Ordou ◽  
Igor E. Agranovski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Biomass Smoke ◽  
Smoke Particles ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Diffusion Properties

Particle size distribution in biomass smoke was observed for different burning phases, including flaming and smouldering, during the combustion of nine common Australian vegetation representatives. Smoke particles generated during the smouldering phase of combustions were found to be coarser as compared to flaming aerosols for all hard species. In contrast, for leafy species, this trend was inversed. In addition, the combustion process was investigated over the entire duration of burning by acquiring data with one second time resolution for all nine species. Particles were separately characterised in two categories: fine particles with dominating diffusion properties measurable with diffusion-based instruments (Dp < 200 nm), and coarse particles with dominating inertia (Dp > 200 nm). It was found that fine particles contribute to more than 90 percent of the total fresh smoke particles for all investigated species.

scholarly journals Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in Mpererwe District, Kampala, Uganda: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Schwander ◽  
Clement D. Okello ◽  
Juergen Freers ◽  
Judith C. Chow ◽  
John G. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Coarse Particles

Air quality in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, has deteriorated significantly in the past two decades. We made spot measurements in Mpererwe district for airborne particulate matter PM2.5(fine particles) and coarse particles. PM was collected on Teflon-membrane filters and analyzed for mass, 51 elements, 3 anions, and 5 cations. Both fine and coarse particle concentrations were above 100 µg/m3in all the samples collected. Markers for crustal/soil (e.g., Si and Al) were the most abundant in the PM2.5fraction, followed by primary combustion products from biomass burning and incinerator emissions (e.g., K and Cl). Over 90% of the measured PM2.5mass can be explained by crustal species (41% and 59%) and carbonaceous aerosol (33%–55%). Crustal elements dominated the coarse particles collected from Kampala. The results of this pilot study are indicative of unhealthy air and suggest that exposure to ambient air in Kampala may increase the burden of environmentally induced cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory diseases including infections. Greater awareness and more extensive research are required to confirm our findings, to identify personal exposure and pollution sources, and to develop air quality management plans and policies to protect public health.

scholarly journals Characteristics of atmospheric mercury deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2233-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhu ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
R. Talbot ◽  
H. Mao ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Mercury Deposition ◽  
Particulate Mercury

Abstract. A comprehensive measurement study of mercury wet deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury (HgP) concurrent with meteorological variables was conducted from June 2011 to February 2012 to evaluate the characteristics of mercury deposition and particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration of mercury in rainwater was 52.9 ng L−1 with a range of 46.3–63.6 ng L−1. The wet deposition per unit area was averaged 56.5 μg m−2 over 9 months, which was lower than that in most Chinese cities, but much higher than annual deposition in urban North America and Japan. The wet deposition flux exhibited obvious seasonal variation strongly linked with the amount of precipitation. Wet deposition in summer contributed more than 80% to the total amount. A part of contribution to wet deposition of mercury from anthropogenic sources was evidenced by the association between wet deposition and sulfates, as well as nitrates in rainwater. The ions correlated most significantly with mercury were formate, calcium, and potassium, which suggested that natural sources including vegetation and resuspended soil should be considered as an important factor to affect the wet deposition of mercury in Nanjing. The average HgP concentration was 1.10 ± 0.57 ng m−3. A distinct seasonal distribution of HgP concentrations was found to be higher in winter as a result of an increase in the PM10 concentration. Overall, more than half of the HgP existed in the particle size range less than 2.1 μm. The highest concentration of HgP in coarse particles was observed in summer, while HgP in fine particles dominated in fall and winter. The size distribution of averaged mercury content in particulates was bimodal, with two peaks in the bins of < 0.7 μm and 4.7–5.8 μm. Dry deposition per unit area of HgP was estimated to be 47.2 μg m−2 using meteorological conditions and a size-resolved particle dry deposition model. This was 16.5% less than mercury wet deposition. Compared to HgP in fine particles, HgP in coarse particles contributed more to the total dry deposition due to higher deposition velocities. Negative correlation between precipitation and the HgP concentration reflected the effect of scavenging of HgP by precipitation.

scholarly journals Experimental study on acidification effect of tailing sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Wenzhao Chen ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Jiaqing Fan ◽  
Xiqi Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Reaction Processes

Sulfide minerals (mainly FeS2) contained in lead-zinc tailings are easy to be acidified in the air. The acidification mechanism is that the tailing sand generates sulfuric acid and sulfate under the catalysis of oxidant, water and oxygen. The acidic liquid generated by the reaction will continue to react with metal oxides to form an insoluble precipitate.In order to reveal the corresponding changes of chemical properties and physical properties of lead-zinc tailing sand during acidification, a series of reaction processes of tailings under natural conditions were simulated by immersion test in laboratory.It is found through the test that with the deepening of acidification, the coarse particles of tailing sand dissolve, resulting in the decrease of iron concentration in the compound, the increase of fine particles, the increase of specific surface area, the decrease of surface friction and occlusion friction between particles, resulting in the decrease of internal friction angle, and the decrease of the safety of tailings dam. words.

A Study of Airborne Wear Particles Generated From a Sliding Contact

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Olofsson ◽  
Lars Olander ◽  
Anders Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Airborne Particle ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Pin On Disk

Recently, much attention has been paid to the influence of airborne particles in the atmosphere on human health. Sliding contacts are a significant source of airborne particles in urban environments. In this study airborne particles generated from a sliding steel-on-steel combination are studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer equipped with airborne-particle counting instrumentation. The instrumentation measured particles in size intervals from 0.01μm to 32μm. The result shows three particle size regimes with distinct number peaks: ultrafine particles with a size distribution peak around 0.08μm, fine particles with a peak around 0.35μm, and coarse particles with a peak around 2 or 4μm. Both the particle generation rate and the wear rate increase with increasing sliding velocity and contact pressure.

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