scholarly journals Widespread occurrence of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers in single-use facemasks collected in the United States

2022 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 106967
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar ◽  
Hongkai Zhu ◽  
Kurunthachalam Kannan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Single Use

scholarly journals Widespread Occurrence of Common Rust, Caused by Puccinia sorghi, on Rp-Resistant Sweet Corn in the Midwestern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1177-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
W. F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Single, dominant resistance genes have been used successfully for the past 15 years to control common rust, caused by Puccinia sorghi, on sweet corn in the United States. Most sweet corn hybrids grown in the Midwest for mid- to late-season processing have Rp resistance, which is expressed as hypersensitive reactions resulting in chlorotic or necrotic flecks with little or no formation of urediniospores. Many, but not all, Rp-resistant sweet corn hybrids carry the gene Rp1D. Biotypes of P. sorghi in North America have been avirulent on plants with the Rp1D gene, except for an isolate collected in Kansas in 1990 (1). In a sweet corn nursery in Urbana, IL, in 1997, small uredinia of P. sorghi occurred on 27 of 79 Rp-resistant sweet corn hybrids that also were infected severely with southern rust caused by P. polysora (2). During August and September 1999, small uredinia or fully susceptible reactions to common rust were observed on several Rp-resistant sweet corn hybrids grown in an area bounded by Mendota, IL, Ripon, WI, and Le Sueur, MN. Southern rust also was prevalent and frequently severe in the area. Isolates of P. sorghi from Rp-resistant corn were collected during September 1999 from Mendota, Rock Falls, and Dekalb, IL; Sun Prairie, Madison, and Ripon, WI; and Rochester, Stanton, and Le Sueur, MN. Ten two-leaved seedlings of one susceptible sweet corn hybrid and five Rp-resistant hybrids, including hybrids known to carry the gene Rp1D, were inoculated in greenhouse trials. Each location (collection) was a separate trial. Inocula were prepared from several uredinia of P. sorghi per location. One set of seedlings also was inoculated with P. polysora. Susceptible reactions (uredinia with urediniospores) were observed on all inoculated seedlings. Uredinia and urediniospores of P. sorghi and P. polysora from seedlings inoculated in the greenhouse were compared directly. All isolates of P. sorghi were confirmed based on 6- to 7-day latent periods, formation of uredinia on both leaf surfaces, and urediniospores that were mostly spherical, cinnamon colored, and moderately echinulate. This is the first widespread occurrence in North America of a biotype of P. sorghi that is virulent on Rp-resistant sweet corn. References: (1) S. H. Hulbert et al. Plant Dis. 75:1130, 1991. (2) J. K. Pataky et al. Purdue Univ. AES Bull. No. 758:99, 1997.

Widespread Occurrence of Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide-Resistant Isolates of Cercospora sojina, Causal Agent of Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean, in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guirong Zhang ◽  
Tom W. Allen ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury ◽  
Anne E. Dorrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot

Isolates of Cercospora sojina, causal agent of frogeye leaf spot of soybean (Glycine max), were collected across Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia and were evaluated for quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance. Collection of these isolates from these 14 states occurred between 2010 and 2017. QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates were detected in all 14 states surveyed and represent a total of 240 counties or parishes. In 2017, these 240 counties and parishes represented approximately 13% of the harvested soybean hectares in the United States. In light of this widespread occurrence of QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates, management of frogeye leaf spot should focus on integrated management practices such as planting resistant soybean cultivars, rotating with nonhost crops, and tilling to speed up decomposition of infested soybean residue. When foliar fungicide application is warranted, fungicide products that contain active ingredients from chemistry classes other than the QoI class should be applied for frogeye leaf spot management.

Amphibians and nonmarine turtles from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (USA)

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Weems ◽  
Reed A. George
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Softshell Turtle ◽  
Land Mammal ◽  
First Time

Two amphibian taxa are reported for the first time from the lower to middle Miocene shallow-marine Calvert Formation. These are Batrachosauroides aff. B. dissimulans (a large proteoid salamander) and cf. Notophthalmus robustus (a small newt). Four kinds of identifiable nonmarine turtles were reported previously from this formation. These are Bairdemys miocenica (a pleurodire), Kinosternon sp. (a musk turtle), Hesperotestudo ducateli and Hesperotestudo wilsoni (tortoises). Four additional taxa reported here are Chrysemys isoni n. sp. (a painted turtle), Trachemys sp. (a pond turtle), Floridemys hurdi n. sp. (a small tortoise), and Apalone lima (a softshell turtle). Most of these taxa are known from elsewhere in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains from New Jersey to Texas. The regional widespread occurrence of many of these taxa indicates that they represent a modestly diverse community of amphibians, fresh water turtles, and land turtles that were endemic to the Atlantic and Gulf coastal regions of the United States during the late early and early middle Miocene. Their pattern of distribution is similar to that of eastern American land mammals during this time interval, indicating that the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States then lay within a single climatic zone that constituted a distinctive and long-lived faunal province throughout the early and middle Miocene (Hemingfordian through Barstovian land mammal ages).

scholarly journals Bill Calls for Dramatically Cutting Plastic Pollution

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Showstack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Set Up

With just 8% of plastic waste in the United States currently being recycled, the bill aims to set up an effective plastic recycling program and limit single-use plastic.

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