Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of dust storm events in northern China based on high-temporal-resolution analysis of meteorological data (1960–2007)

Abstract. A four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method is a popular algorithm for inverting atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements. In order to meet the computationally intense 4D-Var iterative calculation, offline forward and adjoint transport models are developed based on the Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). By introducing flexibility into the temporal resolution of the input meteorological data, the forward model developed in this study is not only computationally efficient, it is also found to nearly match the transport performance of the online model. In a transport simulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the data-thinning error (error resulting from reduction in the time resolution of the meteorological data used to drive the offline transport model) is minimized by employing high temporal resolution data of the vertical diffusion coefficient; with a low 6-hourly temporal resolution, significant concentration biases near the surface are introduced. The new adjoint model can be run in discrete or continuous adjoint mode for the advection process. The discrete adjoint is characterized by perfect adjoint relationship with the forward model that switches off the flux limiter, while the continuous adjoint is characterized by an imperfect but reasonable adjoint relationship with its corresponding forward model. In the latter case, both the forward and adjoint models use the flux limiter to ensure the monotonicity of tracer concentrations and sensitivities. Trajectory analysis for high CO2 concentration events are performed to test adjoint sensitivities. We also demonstrate the potential usefulness of our adjoint model for diagnosing tracer transport. Both the offline forward and adjoint models have computational efficiency about 10 times higher than the online model. A description of our new 4D-Var system that includes an optimization method, along with its application in an atmospheric CO2 inversion and the effects of using either the discrete or continuous adjoint method, is presented in an accompanying paper Niwa et al.(2016).

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Harmonizing Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images for Summer Corn Growth Monitoring

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11111266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mingzheng Zhang ◽

Dehai Zhu ◽

Wei Su ◽

Jianxi Huang ◽

Xiaodong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Time Series ◽

Kalman Filter ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Growth Monitoring ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Data Set

Continuous monitoring of crop growth status using time-series remote sensing image is essential for crop management and yield prediction. The growing season of summer corn in the North China Plain with the period of rain and hot, which makes the acquisition of cloud-free satellite imagery very difficult. Therefore, we focused on developing image datasets with both a high temporal resolution and medium spatial resolution by harmonizing the time-series of MOD09GA Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images and 30-m-resolution GF-1 WFV images using the improved Kalman filter model. The harmonized images, GF-1 images, and Landsat 8 images were then combined and used to monitor the summer corn growth from 5th June to 6th October, 2014, in three counties of Hebei Province, China, in conjunction with meteorological data and MODIS Evapotranspiration Data Set. The prediction residuals ( Δ P R K ) in NDVI between the GF-1 observations and the harmonized images was in the range of −0.2 to 0.2 with Gauss distribution. Moreover, the obtained phenological curves manifested distinctive growth features for summer corn at field scales. Changes in NDVI over time were more effectively evaluated and represented corn growth trends, when considered in conjunction with meteorological data and MODIS Evapotranspiration Data Set. We observed that the NDVI of summer corn showed a process of first decreasing and then rising in the early growing stage and discuss how the temperature and moisture of the environment changed with the growth stage. The study demonstrated that the synthesized dataset constructed using this methodology was highly accurate, with high temporal resolution and medium spatial resolution and it was possible to harmonize multi-source remote sensing imagery by the improved Kalman filter for long-term field monitoring.

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In situ high temporal resolution analysis of elemental mercury in natural waters

Analytica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01287-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 447 (1-2) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. Amyot ◽

J.C. Auclair ◽

L. Poissant

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Elemental Mercury ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Resolution Analysis

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High temporal resolution hydrometeorological data collected in the tropical Cordillera Blanca, Peru (2004–2020)

10.5194/essd-2021-215 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emilio I. Mateo ◽

Bryan G. Mark ◽

Robert Å. Hellström ◽

Michel Baraer ◽

Jeffrey M. McKenzie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

High Mountain ◽

Cordillera Blanca ◽

Local Manifestation ◽

Daily Discharge ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Meteorological Observations

Abstract. This article provides a comprehensive hydrometeorological dataset collected over the past two decades throughout the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The data recording sites, located in the upper portion of the Rio Santa valley, also known as the Callejon de Huaylas, span an elevation range of 3738–4750 m a.s.l. As many historical hydrological stations measuring daily discharge across the region became defunct after their installation in the 1950s, there was a need for new stations to be installed and an opportunity to increase the temporal resolution of the streamflow observations. Through inter-institutional collaboration the hydrometeorological network described in this paper was deployed with goals to evaluate how progressive glacier mass loss was impacting stream hydrology, and to better understand the local manifestation of climate change over diurnal to seasonal and interannual time scales. The four automatic weather stations supply detailed meteorological observations, and are situated in a variety of mountain landscapes, with one on a high-mountain pass, another next to a glacial lake, and two in glacially carved valleys. Four additional temperature and relative humidity loggers complement the weather stations within the Llanganuco valley by providing these data across an elevation gradient. The six streamflow gauges are located in tributaries to the Rio Santa and collect high temporal resolution runoff data. The datasets presented here are available freely from https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.059794371790407abd749576df8fd121 (Mateo et al., 2021). Combined, the hydrological and meteorological data collected throughout the Cordillera Blanca enable detailed research of atmospheric and hydrological processes in tropical high-mountain terrain.

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Localised human thermal discomfort assessment using high temporal resolution meteorological data: A case of University of Zimbabwe

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C ◽

10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 138-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terence Darlington Mushore ◽

Brandon Chimuti ◽

Juliet Gwenzi ◽

Moven Manjowe ◽

Collen Mutasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Thermal Discomfort ◽

University Of Zimbabwe

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Supplementary material to "Two mega sand and dust storm events over northern China in March 2021: transport processes, historical ranking and meteorological drivers"

10.5194/acp-2021-933-supplement ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ke Gui ◽

Wenrui Yao ◽

Huizheng Che ◽

Linchang An ◽

Yu Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dust Storm ◽

Northern China ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Storm Events ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Sand And Dust Storm

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High-temporal-resolution analysis demonstrates that ICAM-1 stabilizes WEHI 274.1 monocytic cell rolling on endothelium

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (1) ◽

pp. C112-C118 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Christopher G. Kevil ◽

John H. Chidlow ◽

Daniel C. Bullard ◽

Dennis F. Kucik

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Leukocyte Rolling ◽

Wild Type ◽

Monocytic Cell ◽

Monocytic Cell Line ◽

Rolling Velocity ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Resolution Analysis ◽

Adhesive Interactions

Leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and migration on vascular endothelium involve several sets of adhesion molecules that interact simultaneously. Each of these receptor-ligand pairs may play multiple roles. We examined the role of ICAM-1 in adhesive interactions with mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) in an in vitro flow system. Average rolling velocity of the monocytic cell line WEHI 274.1 was increased on ICAM-1-deficient MAECs compared with wild-type MAECs, both with and without TNF-α stimulation. High-temporal-resolution analysis provided insights into the underlying basis for these differences. Without TNF-α stimulation, average rolling velocity was slower on wild-type than on ICAM-1-deficient endothelium because of brief (<1 s) pauses. On TNF-α-stimulated ICAM-1-deficient endothelium, cells rolled faster because of transient accelerations, producing “jerky” rolling. Firm adhesion to ICAM-1-deficient MAECs was significantly reduced compared with wild-type MAECs, although the number of rolling cells was similar. These results demonstrate directly that ICAM-1 affects rolling velocity by stabilizing leukocyte rolling.

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Partitioning of evaporation into transpiration, soil evaporation and interception: a comparison between isotope measurements and a HYDRUS-1D model

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-16-2605-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 2605-2616 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

S. J. Sutanto ◽

J. Wenninger ◽

A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits ◽

S. Uhlenbrook

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Temporal Resolution ◽

Soil Evaporation ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Total Evaporation ◽

Resolution Analysis ◽

1D Model ◽

Isotope Mass Balance ◽

Hydrus 1D ◽

Isotope Measurements

Abstract. Knowledge of the water fluxes within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system is crucial to improve water use efficiency in irrigated land. Many studies have tried to quantify these fluxes, but they encountered difficulties in quantifying the relative contribution of evaporation and transpiration. In this study, we compared three different methods to estimate evaporation fluxes during simulated summer conditions in a grass-covered lysimeter in the laboratory. Only two of these methods can be used to partition total evaporation into transpiration, soil evaporation and interception. A water balance calculation (whereby rainfall, soil moisture and percolation were measured) was used for comparison as a benchmark. A HYDRUS-1D model and isotope measurements were used for the partitioning of total evaporation. The isotope mass balance method partitions total evaporation of 3.4 mm d−1 into 0.4 mm d−1 for soil evaporation, 0.3 mm d−1 for interception and 2.6 mm d−1 for transpiration, while the HYDRUS-1D partitions total evaporation of 3.7 mm d−1 into 1 mm d−1 for soil evaporation, 0.3 mm d−1 for interception and 2.3 mm d−1 for transpiration. From the comparison, we concluded that the isotope mass balance is better for low temporal resolution analysis than the HYDRUS-1D. On the other hand, HYDRUS-1D is better for high temporal resolution analysis than the isotope mass balance.

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