Mapping manifestations of parametric uncertainty in projected pelagic oxygen concentrations back to contemporary local model fidelity

Pelagic biogeochemical models (BGCMs) have matured into generic components of Earth System Models. BGCMs mimic the effects of marine biota on oceanic nutrient, carbon and oxygen cycles. They rely on parameters that are adjusted to match observed conditions. Such parameters are key to determining the models’ responses to changing environmental conditions. However, many of these parameters are difficult to constrain and constitute a major source of uncertainty in BGCM projections. Here we use, for the first time, variance-based sensitivity analyses to map BGCM parameter uncertainties onto their respective local manifestation in model entities (such as oceanic oxygen concentrations) for both contemporary climate and climate projections. The mapping effectively relates local uncertainties of projections to the uncertainty of specific parameters. Further, it identifies contemporary benchmarking regions, where the uncertainties of specific parameters manifest themselves, thereby facilitating an effective parameter refinement and a reduction of the associated uncertainty. Our results demonstrate that the parameters that are linked to uncertainties in projections may differ from those parameters that facilitate model conformity with present-day observations. In summary, we present a practical approach to the general question of where present-day model fidelity may be indicative for reliable projections.

G. Kand1iswithheg. (The Journ. Of the Amer. Medic. Associai. 1930, v. 94, No. 97)

(The Journ. Of the Amer. Medic. Associai. 1930, v. 94, no. 97 believes that cancer is a local manifestation of a general disease. It occurs when various factors interfere with the interaction between the stimulating and regulating forces of the body.

High temporal resolution hydrometeorological data collected in the tropical Cordillera Blanca, Peru (2004–2020)

This article provides a comprehensive hydrometeorological dataset collected over the past two decades throughout the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The data recording sites, located in the upper portion of the Rio Santa valley, also known as the Callejon de Huaylas, span an elevation range of 3738–4750 m a.s.l. As many historical hydrological stations measuring daily discharge across the region became defunct after their installation in the 1950s, there was a need for new stations to be installed and an opportunity to increase the temporal resolution of the streamflow observations. Through inter-institutional collaboration the hydrometeorological network described in this paper was deployed with goals to evaluate how progressive glacier mass loss was impacting stream hydrology, and to better understand the local manifestation of climate change over diurnal to seasonal and interannual time scales. The four automatic weather stations supply detailed meteorological observations, and are situated in a variety of mountain landscapes, with one on a high-mountain pass, another next to a glacial lake, and two in glacially carved valleys. Four additional temperature and relative humidity loggers complement the weather stations within the Llanganuco valley by providing these data across an elevation gradient. The six streamflow gauges are located in tributaries to the Rio Santa and collect high temporal resolution runoff data. The datasets presented here are available freely from https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.059794371790407abd749576df8fd121 (Mateo et al., 2021). Combined, the hydrological and meteorological data collected throughout the Cordillera Blanca enable detailed research of atmospheric and hydrological processes in tropical high-mountain terrain.

Public Agrarian Policies and Food Security in Cameroon: Problems and Challenges towards Agricultural Development

The hunger riots that Cameroon experienced in February 2008 were on the one hand a local manifestation of the world food crisis (2007-2008) and on the other hand, a result of ineffective agricultural policies implemented since the 1960s. The analysis of public food security policies in Cameroon from 1960 to 2008, highlights the inability of the latter to fight effectively against food insecurity and to bring Cameroonian agriculture out of the rut. These riots were likely to have a long-term effect on Cameroon's socio-economic trajectory. Because they were food for thought for the Cameroonian government, which ended up realizing that the constraints facing agricultural development felt an immediate need for solutions after the end of the riots. The post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government boil down to all the measures taken to stem the impact of the crisis and allow food security to all social strata. However, these economic redistribution strategies adopted by the Cameroonian government to allow the poorest to have access to food at an affordable price still fail to stem the situation. Literature relating to the riots of February 2008 in Cameroon abounds, but little is concerned with the analysis of the causes and post-riot government strategies, which is very crucial to understanding the origins of the problems facing the Cameroonian agricultural community today. This article examines the distant and immediate causes of the February 2008 hunger riots in Cameroon, including the post-riot strategies implemented by the Cameroonian government to combat food insecurity and the contribution of international partners.

LOCAL IDENTITY AND FEATURES OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF KYIV IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The article presents an analysis of the compilation of local and regional features of the development of Kyiv at the beginning of the last century, which arose as a reflection on global socio-political, economic and cultural transformations. In particular, successive iterations of the main city-forming function, "invented traditions" in their local manifestation, local decorative techniques ("brick style") and terrain subordination are studied. Mentioned as domestic (J. Yu. Karakis, P. F. Alyoshin, V. G. Krychevsky, V. G. Zabolotny, D. M. Dyachenko, and others) as all- Soviet architects (J. G. Langbard, I. O. Fomin and others). The concept of invented traditions according to E. Hobsbawm is extrapolated to the field of architecture through the prism of artistic and cultural context. The localization of traditions and the corresponding separation are presented in the concept of T. Eriksen: as a means of self-identification and response to the need to create an internal coordinate system for representatives of individual groups. The article summarizes a series of author's researches devoted to a detailed analysis of each of the mentioned artistic transitions in Kyiv architecture (from eclecticism and historical reminiscences to modernism, from Art Nouveau to avant-garde, from constructivism to Soviet neoclassicism and, finally, from Stalinist empire to modernism), being part of a global analysis of the genesis of city architecture in a global context. A detailed analysis of the objects identified in the article is presented in other works of the author.

NEUROINFLAMMATION

Inflammation is a complex process, mediated by cellular and molecular mechanisms caused by a response to a tissue damage from an aggressive agent, whether if biological, chemical or physical origin. This process occurs, ultimately, with the purpose of promoting defense, repair and tissue regeneration. The inflammatory process leads to changes in blood vessels that have their diameter and flow altered, with the objective of leading to increased vascular permeability and consequent leakage of fluids and cells into the extracellular space of the affected tissue. This sequence of events generates the cardinal signs of inflammation, which are: pain, heat, redness, edema, with loss or alteration of function. The process occurs through mechanisms induced by cytokines and that despite having local manifestation, it can lead to systemic responses involving the whole organism with fever, chills, tremors, tachycardia, leukocytosis, sweating, diuresis and blood dyscrasias. In the cascade of events related to inflammation, there is initially a local stimulus that promotes morphological and functional changes in the attacked tissue that trigger the release of signaling molecules, the defensins that have a chemotactic effect on monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and pro-inflammatory mediators. that are directly involved in the next inflammatory phases. There is, then, the recognition of aggression and the aggressor agent by the receptors of cells of the immune system and release of inflammatory mediators, of the cyclooxygenase pathway that will release prostaglandin, prostacyclins and thromboxanes and by the lipooxygenase pathway that will produce leukotrienes (Figure 1). Then, there is a modification of the local microcirculation promoting vasodilation, initially arteriolar and subsequently of the venules by the action of histamine release by mast cells, and associated with an increase in local blood flow, generate the cardinal flushing and heat signals.

Clinical risk factors of ICU & fatal COVID-19 cases in Brazil

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in China in December 2019. In a few months, the disease got pandemic proportions, overloading health systems all around the world. Risk factors related to the progression and outcome of the disease are still unclear. Moreover, clinical aspects of patients can differ between societies, and other demographic elements may impact survival responses. A better characterisation of local manifestation of COVID-19 is crucial to a better general understanding of the disease, and thus to improve treatment decisions and health systems’ management. In this article, we performed an initial analysis of clinical factors related to admission in ICU or death of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed Brazilian patients, based on 1,138,690 medical records from the Brazilian government. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess clinical risk factors for disease progression in Brazil. We provide a concise data set of medical registers related to COVID-19 in the whole Brazilian territory, and we describe the baseline comorbidities and symptoms observed in the data collection. Then, we assess the correlation between the manifestation of symptoms/comorbidities and the patients’ survival response through Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. The results here reported are mostly in accordance with findings reported in previous works.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS: ROLE OF LIPOPROTEIN DISCOLLOIDOSIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL METAMORPHOSIS OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE INDUCTION GRANULOMATOSIS AROUND ENDOGENOUS FOREIGN BODIES IN THE ARTERIAL INTIMA

The role of lipoprotein discolloidosis and physicochemical metamorphosis of cholesterol occurring in the arterial intimal connective tissue in the induction of local manifestation of atherosclerosis – granulomatosis around endogenous foreign bodies is shown.

Toward Interactions through Information in a Multifractal Paradigm

In a multifractal paradigm of motion, Shannon’s information functionality of a minimization principle induces multifractal–type Newtonian behaviors. The analysis of these behaviors through motion geodesics shows the fact that the center of the Newtonian-type multifractal force is different from the center of the multifractal trajectory. The measure of this difference is given by the eccentricity, which depends on the initial conditions. In such a context, the eccentricities’ geometry becomes, through the Cayley–Klein metric principle, the Lobachevsky plane geometry. Then, harmonic mappings between the usual space and the Lobachevsky plane in a Poincaré metric can become operational, a situation in which the Ernst potential of general relativity acquires a classical nature. Moreover, the Newtonian-type multifractal dynamics, perceived and described in a multifractal paradigm of motion, becomes a local manifestation of the gravitational field of general relativity.