Production of Value-Added Aromatics from Wasted COVID-19 Mask via Catalytic Pyrolysis

Bio-oil can serve as an alternative fuel source or resource to extract high value-added chemicals. This paper focuses on the effect of six types of biomass (rape straw, corn straw, walnut shell, chestnut shell, camphor wood, and pine wood) and ZnCl2 catalyst on the bio-oil yield and chemicals in the bio-oil, including aldehydes, ketones, and four high-value chemicals (1-hydroxy-2-butanone, propionaldehyde, 5-HMF, 2(5H)-furanon). The results showed that the yields of bio-oil decreased when the ZnCl2 was the catalyst. The ZnCl2 promoted the production of aldehydes and ketones. The higher contents of aldehydes and ketones were obtained from camphor and pine wood, at 58.9 wt% and 42.0 wt%, respectively. The ZnCl2 catalyst exhibited an active influence on the production of 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, propionaldehyde, 5-HMF, and 2(5H)-furanon. Compared with the non-catalytic pyrolysis, the content of 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2(5H)-furanone in bio-oil increased by 936% and 612%, respectively. The contents of propionaldehyde and 5-HMF in catalytic bio-oil were the highest from rape straw and increased by 193% and 86%, respectively.

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Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignin Model Compounds (Pyrocatechol, Guaiacol, Vanillic and Ferulic Acids) over Nanoceria Catalyst for Biomass Conversion

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7205

Author(s):

Nataliia Nastasiienko ◽

Tetiana Kulik ◽

Borys Palianytsia ◽

Julia Laskin ◽

Tetiana Cherniavska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Biomass Conversion ◽

Value Added ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

Surface Complexes ◽

General Transformation ◽

Carboxylate Groups ◽

Transformation Mechanisms ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Temperature Programmed

Understanding the mechanisms of thermal transformations of model lignin compounds (MLC) over nanoscale catalysts is important for improving the technologic processes occurring in the pyrolytic conversion of lignocellulose biomass into biofuels and value-added chemicals. Herein, we investigate catalytic pyrolysis of MLC (pyrocatechol (P), guaiacol (G), ferulic (FA), and vanillic acids (VA)) over nanoceria using FT-IR spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (DTG/DTA/TG). FT-IR spectroscopic studies indicate that the active groups of aromatic rings of P, G, VA, and FA as well as carboxylate groups of VA and FA are involved in the interaction with nanoceria surface. We explore the general transformation mechanisms of different surface complexes and identify their decomposition products. We demonstrate that decomposition of carboxylate acid complexes occurs by decarboxylation. When FA is used as a precursor, this reaction generates 4-vinylguaiacol. Complexes of VA and FA formed through both active groups of the aromatic ring and decompose on the CeO2 surface to generate hydroxybenzene. The formation of alkylated products accompanies catalytic pyrolysis of acids due to processes of transalkylation on the surface.

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A review on catalytic-pyrolysis of coal and biomass for value-added fuel and chemicals

Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects ◽

10.1080/15567036.2018.1472680 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1427-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. Zarnegar

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Value Added

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Recovery of value-added products from the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tyre

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2008.12.017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 991-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J. Shah ◽

M.R. Jan ◽

F. Mabood

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Value Added ◽

Waste Tyre ◽

Value Added Products

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Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polymer Wastes

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8120659 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 659 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Laibao Zhang ◽

Zhenghong Bao ◽

Shunxiang Xia ◽

Qiang Lu ◽

Keisha Walters

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Catalyst Deactivation ◽

Value Added ◽

Catalyst Design ◽

Production Costs ◽

Practical Utilization ◽

High Oxygen Content ◽

Polymer Waste ◽

Caloric Value ◽

Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Oil produced by the pyrolysis of biomass and co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste synthetic polymers has significant potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the relatively poor properties found in pyrolysis oil—such as high oxygen content, low caloric value, and physicochemical instability—hampers its practical utilization as a commercial petroleum fuel replacement or additive. This review focuses on pyrolysis catalyst design, impact of using real waste feedstocks, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, and optimization of product distributions to support the production of high value-added products. Co-pyrolysis of two or more feedstock materials is shown to increase oil yield, caloric value, and aromatic hydrocarbon content. In addition, the co-pyrolysis of biomass and polymer waste can contribute to a reduction in production costs, expand waste disposal options, and reduce environmental impacts. Several promising options for catalytic pyrolysis to become industrially viable are also discussed.

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Influence of Chemical Surface Characteristics of Ammonium-Modified Chilean Zeolite on Oak Catalytic Pyrolysis

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9050465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Serguei Alejandro-Martín ◽

Adán Montecinos Acaricia ◽

Cristian Cerda-Barrera ◽

Hatier Díaz Pérez

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Value Added ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Acid Sites ◽

Bronsted Acid ◽

X Ray ◽

Chemical Surface ◽

Brönsted Acid ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Modified Zeolites

The influence of chemical surface characteristics of Chilean natural and modified zeolites on Chilean Oak catalytic pyrolysis was investigated in this study. Chilean zeolite samples were characterised by nitrogen absorption at 77 K, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The nature and strength of zeolite acid sites were studied by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), using pyridine as a probe molecule. Experimental pyrolysis was conducted in a quartz cylindrical reactor and bio-oils were obtained by condensation of vapours in a closed container. Chemical species in bio-oil samples were identified by a gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) analytical procedure. Results indicate that after the ionic exchange treatment, an increase of the Brønsted acid site density and strength was observed in ammonium-modified zeolites. Brønsted acids sites were associated with an increment of the composition of ketones, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons and to a decrease in the composition of the following families (esters; ethers; and acids) in obtained bio-oil samples. The Brønsted acid sites on ammonium-modified zeolite samples are responsible for the upgraded bio-oil and value-added chemicals, obtained in this research. Bio-oil chemical composition was modified when the pyrolysis-derived compounds were upgraded over a 2NHZ zeolite sample, leading to a lower quantity of oxygenated compounds and a higher composition of value-added chemicals.

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Catalytic pyrolysis of distillers dried grain with solubles: An attempt towards obtaining value-added products

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.208 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 6371-6383 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wen-wu Liu ◽

Xiu-ping Wang ◽

Chang-wei Hu ◽

Dong-mei Tong ◽

Liang-fang Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Value Added ◽

Value Added Products

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Py-GC-MS Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biocrude Obtained via HTL of Fruit Pomace

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7288

Author(s):

Mariusz Wądrzyk ◽

Marek Plata ◽

Kamila Zaborowska ◽

Rafał Janus ◽

Marek Lewandowski

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Binary Solvent ◽

Two Stage ◽

Pyrolysis Gas ◽

Hy Zeolite

Herein, we proposed new two-stage processing of blackcurrant pomace toward a value-added, hydrocarbon-rich biocrude fraction. The approach consisted of thermochemical liquefaction of a wet-type organic matter into liquid biocrude followed by its upgrade by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. Particularly, we put effort into investigating the effect of selected catalysts (ZSM-5 and HY zeolite) on the composition of the volatiles released during the pyrolysis of the biocrude. The latter was obtained through liquefaction of the raw material in the binary solvent system of water and isopropanol. The biocrude yield accounted for ca. 45 wt.% of the initial dry biomass. It was a complex mixture of various component groups with an abundant share of oxygenates, especially carboxylic acids and esters. Thereafter, the biocrude was subjected to a pyrolysis study performed by means of the microscale coupled pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique (Py-GC-MS). The dominant components identified in the catalytic pyrolytic volatiles were unsaturated hydrocarbons (both cyclic and aliphatic ones) and, to a lesser extent, oxygen and nitrogen compounds. The addition of the ZSM-5 and HY zeolite allowed us to attain the relative total share of hydrocarbons in the volatile fraction equal to 66% and 73%, respectively (in relation to identified compounds). Thus, catalytic pyrolysis over zeolites seems to be particularly prospective due to the promotion of the deoxygenation reactions, which manifested in the noticeable decrease in the share of oxygen compounds in the evolved volatiles. The developed innovative two-stage processing of blackcurrant pomaces allows for obtaining value-added products that could serve as chemicals, biocomponents, and self-contained biofuels as well as bioplastic precursors. The presented contribution brings some new insights into the field of valorization of residuals generated by the food industry sector.

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