P.0238 Effect of neuropeptide s on ultrasonic vocalizations in rats: individual differences by trait-wise low vs. high exploratory activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S172-S173
Author(s):  
J. Harro ◽  
K. Kõiv ◽  
T. Uusen ◽  
D. Matrov
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Neuropeptide S

scholarly journals Effect of Neuropeptide S Administration on Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Behaviour in Rats with Low vs. High Exploratory Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Kadri Kõiv ◽  
Denis Matrov ◽  
Trine Uusen ◽  
Jaanus Harro
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neuropeptide S ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a peptide neurotransmitter that in animal studies promotes wakefulness and arousal with simultaneous anxiety reduction, in some inconsistency with results in humans. We examined the effect of NPS on rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) as an index of affective state and on behaviour in novel environments in rats with persistent inter-individual differences in exploratory activity. Adult male Wistar rats were categorised as of high (HE) or low (LE) exploratory activity and NPS was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at a dose of 1.0 nmol/5 µL, after which USVs were recorded in the home-cage and a novel standard housing cage, and behaviour evaluated in exploration/anxiety tests. NPS induced a massive production of long and short 22 kHz USVs in the home cage that continued later in the novel environment; no effect on 50 kHz USVs were found. In LE-rats, the long 22 kHz calls were emitted at lower frequencies and were louder. The effects of NPS on behaviour appeared novelty- and test-dependent. NPS had an anxiolytic-like effect in LE-rats only in the elevated zero-maze, whereas in HE-rats, locomotor activity in the zero-maze and in a novel standard cage was increased. Thus NPS appears as a psychostimulant peptide but with a complex effect on dimensions of affect.

Cocaine-induced changes in behaviour and DNA methylation in rats are influenced by inter-individual differences in spontaneous exploratory activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadi Vaher ◽  
Kaili Anier ◽  
Monika Jürgenson ◽  
Jaanus Harro ◽  
Anti Kalda
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Addictive Disorders

Background: Individual differences in behavioural traits influence susceptibility to addictive disorders. Drug addiction involves changes in gene expression, proposed to occur via DNA methylation (DNAm). Aims: To investigate DNAm changes in reward-related brain structures (nucleus accumbens (NAc), lateral habenula (LHb)) in response to cocaine exposure in rats differing in spontaneous exploratory activity. Methods: Rats were observed in the exploration box and categorised as high- (HE) or low explorers (LE). Rats were administered vehicle or cocaine (12 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days, followed by a 14-day withdrawal period and cocaine challenge (7 mg/kg); horizontal locomotor activity was recorded. Brain tissue was dissected after 24 h; we analysed messenger RNA (mRNA) and activity levels of epigenetic DNA modifiers (DNMTs and TETs) as well as mRNA and promoter methylation levels at selected genes previously linked to addictive behaviours. Results: The cocaine challenge dose stimulated locomotor activity in both LE- and HE rats only when administered after a repeated cocaine schedule, suggesting development of behavioural sensitisation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated higher basal expression of Dnmt3a, Tet2 and Tet3 in the LHb of HE- vs. LE rats, and we observed differential effects of cocaine exposure on the expression and activity of epigenetic DNA modifiers in the NAc and LHb of HE- and LE rats. Furthermore, cocaine exposure differentially altered promoter methylation levels of A2AR, Ppp1cc, and Taar7b in the NAc and LHb of HE- and LE rats. Conclusions: DNAm might play a role in the HE- and LE phenotypes as well as mediate behavioural effects of LE- and HE rats in response to drugs of abuse.

Individual differences in exploratory activity relate to cognitive judgement bias in carpenter ants

2017 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia d’Ettorre ◽  
Claudio Carere ◽  
Lara Demora ◽  
Pauline Le Quinquis ◽  
Lisa Signorotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Carpenter Ants ◽  
Judgement Bias

scholarly journals Individual differences in the conditioned and unconditioned rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations elicited by repeated amphetamine exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Ahrens ◽  
Cameron W. Nobile ◽  
Lindsay E. Page ◽  
Esther Y. Maier ◽  
Christine L. Duvauchelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations

On the role of individual differences in female odor and ultrasonic vocalizations for male's choice of partner

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelke M. Snoeren ◽  
Lars R. Helander ◽  
Eric E. Iversen ◽  
Anders Ågmo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Female Odor ◽  
Choice Of Partner

scholarly journals Anticipatory 50-kHz Precontact Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Sexual Motivation: Characteristic Pattern of Ultrasound Subtypes in an Individual Analyzed Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktor Bogacki-Rychlik ◽  
Mateusz Rolf ◽  
Michal Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Sexual Motivation ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Copulatory Activity ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Modulated Signals

We verified the hypothesis of the existence of forms of individual-specific differences in the emission of anticipatory precontact vocalization (PVs) indicating individualization related to sexual experience and motivation in male rats. Long-Evans males were individually placed in a chamber and 50-kHz ultrasounds were recorded during 5-min periods. In experiment 1, PVs were recorded before the introduction of a female in four consecutive sessions during the acquisition of sexual experience. In experiment 2, PVs were analyzed in three groups of sexually experienced males: with the highest, moderate, and the lowest sexual motivation based on previous copulatory activity. In both experiments, the total number of ultrasounds, as well as 14 different specific subtypes, was measured. The ultrasound profiles for each male were created by analyzing the proportions of specific dominant subtypes of so-called 50-kHz calls. We decided that the dominant ultrasounds were those that represented more than 10% of the total recorded signals in a particular session. The number of PVs was positively correlated with the acquisition of sexual experience and previous copulatory efficiency (measured as the number of sessions with ejaculation). Furthermore, PVs showed domination of the frequency modulated signals (complex and composite) as well as flat and short with upward ramp ultrasounds with some individual differences, regardless of the level of sexual motivation. The results show a characteristic pattern of PVs and confirm the hypothesis that the number of PVs is a parameter reflecting the level of sexual motivation.

Ultrasonic vocalizations and individual differences in rats performing a Pavlovian conditioned approach task

2021 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 112926
Author(s):  
Nivethini Sangarapillai ◽  
Marek Ellenberger ◽  
Markus Wöhr ◽  
Rainer K.W. Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Conditioned Approach

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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