Minimal emotional dysfunctions (MED) in personality disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Future Developments

AbstractThe concept of minimal emotional dysfunctions (MED) refers to traditional psychopathology in order to describe, classify, and understand personality disorders. Emotional dysfunctions encompass disorders of affect predominance, production, expression, experience, modulation, and regulation. MED can explain the dimensional nature of personality disorders, their multidimensionality and problems with categorical classifications. It can stimulate research on the etiology of personality disorders in reference to modern developmental brain research and trauma psychology. It can guide new developments in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. It is suggested to focus on MED in future developments of the description and classification of personality disorders.

CS04-03 - New developments in the classification of personality disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1780-1780
Author(s):  
E. Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Dsm Iv

Personality disorders are regarded as being among the more important categories within the DSM-IV diagnostic nomenclature, because they have the unique distinction of being placed on a separate diagnostic axis. However, empirical data have pointed out a number of disadvantages and concerns with the categorical system: excessive co-occurrence, inadequate coverage, heterogeneity within diagnoses, arbitrary and unstable diagnostic boundaries and inadequate scientific basis.Alternative dimensional approaches have been considered. There is a surprising consistency over the number and descriptions of the main factors or dimensions both in normal population and among psychiatric patients, at least the following four: an externalizing factor aggression (antagonism), an internalizing anxious-emotional unstable second factor, an inhibited and constraint third factor and fourth factor of compulsivity and perfectionism. Beside this, severity of functional deficits, a number of trait domains and disturbances of self and identity are considered to be included as additional descriptors of personality pathology. It is proposed that only 5 or 6 of the current categories with highest clinical validity will be kept in the system. The aim is to maximize clinical utility, but the current suggestions seem to be too complex for the average clinician to follow.

scholarly journals Towards a contemporary approach for understanding personality pathology in developmental context: An integrative model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Melody R. Altschuler ◽  
Robert F. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Developmental Theories ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract Traditional categorical approaches to classifying personality disorders are limited in important ways, leading to a shift in the field to dimensional approaches to conceptualizing personality pathology. Different areas of psychology – personality, developmental, and psychopathology – can be leveraged to understand personality pathology by examining its structure, development, and underlying mechanisms. However, an integrative model that encompasses these distinct lines of inquiry has not yet been proposed. In order to address this gap, we review the latest evidence for dimensional classification of personality disorders based on structural models of maladaptive personality traits, provide an overview of developmental theories of pathological personality, and summarize the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, which seeks to understand underlying mechanisms of psychopathology. We conclude by proposing an integrative model of personality pathology development that aims to elucidate the developmental pathways of personality pathology and its underlying mechanisms.

ICD-11 and DSM-5 personality trait domains capture categorical personality disorders: Finding a common ground

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Bach ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Mathias Skjernov ◽  
Erik Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Domain Models

Objective: The five personality disorder trait domains in the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition are comparable in terms of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism/Dissociality and Disinhibition. However, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model includes a separate domain of Anankastia, whereas the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition model includes an additional domain of Psychoticism. This study examined associations of International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition trait domains, simultaneously, with categorical personality disorders. Method: Psychiatric outpatients ( N = 226) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders Interview and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition trait domain scores were obtained using pertinent scoring algorithms for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Associations between categorical personality disorders and trait domains were examined using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Both the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition domain models showed relevant continuity with categorical personality disorders and captured a substantial amount of their information. As expected, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model was superior in capturing obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, whereas the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition model was superior in capturing schizotypal personality disorder. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that little information is ‘lost’ in a transition to trait domain models and potentially adds to narrowing the gap between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition and the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model. Accordingly, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition domain models may be used to delineate one another as well as features of familiar categorical personality disorder types. A preliminary category-to-domain ‘cross walk’ is provided in the article.

Development of diagnostic criteria for headache syndromes: Lessons from psychiatry

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (12_suppl) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ries Merikangas ◽  
Allen Frances
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
Headache Classification ◽  
Future Developments

This paper reviews the development of diagnostic criteria for the psychiatric disorders in order to provide a model for the development of classification of headache. The strengths and weaknesses of the current psychiatric classification system, and procedures that have been instituted to strengthen the next version of the classification are described. The problems that characterized the successive versions of the criteria are highlighted in order to stimulate future developments of diagnostic criteria for headache syndromes. Recommendations for application of these principles to headache classification are presented.

Development of ABS Rules for Construction of Offshore Drilling Rigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
David B. Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
Classification Rules ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Drilling Rigs ◽  
Classification Procedures

The need for criteria for the construction of offshore mobile drilling units was felt rather early in their development. The applicability of classification procedures to fill this need was recognized, by which the knowledge and experience within the industry could be codified into classification rules and administered for the benefit of the industry. The special mission of the units made it necessary to include some requirements not associated with classification of conventional vessels, such as stability and anticipated wave heights. The new rules are subject to revision as experience and new developments may indicate.

Diagnosis and classification of personality disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
James Reich ◽  
Giovanni de Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Cultures

There has been considerable interest in the study of personality and personality disorder (PD) since early times and in many different cultures. This chapter covers definitions of personality disorders, ICD and DSM classifications of personality disorders, similarities and differences between ICD-10 and DSM-IV, recent changes in the conceptualization of DSM personality disorders, categorical versus dimensional styles of classification, and assessment methods for personality disorders.

Introduction to mood disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
John R. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Early History ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Psychiatric Nosology ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Mood Depression

The concept of mood is difficult to define. In psychiatry, it has come to mean a pervasive emotional tone varying along an axis from happiness to sadness—and perhaps anxiety. The boundaries between normal and abnormal mood are equally difficult to define. Nonetheless, there is usually no doubt about the most extreme manifestations of low mood, depression, or elevated mood, mania. This chapter begins by discussing the early history and subsequent development of modern psychiatric nosology. It then covers the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders, modern diagnostic systems and the birth of diagnostic criteria, subgroups of unipolar and bipolar disorder, and likely future developments in the classification of mood disorders.

The Typology of Personality Disorders — Diagnostic Problems and Their Relevance for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bronisch
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Methodological Problems

Personality disorders (PD) play an important role in clinical psychiatry. The typologies of personality disorders (PDs) found in different classification systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are quite congruent. There are many methodological problems with reliability and validity of the diagnosis of PD. However, having a typology seems to be very helpful. Recent psychological autopsy studies reported that about one third of suicide victims met the criteria for a PD. Antisocial PD, borderline PD, narcissistic PD, and depressive PD in particular were often clinically associated with suicidal behavior.

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